4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
5 * Copyright (C) 2001 Andrea Arcangeli <andrea@suse.de> SuSE
8 #include <linux/init.h>
10 #include <linux/fcntl.h>
11 #include <linux/slab.h>
12 #include <linux/kmod.h>
13 #include <linux/major.h>
14 #include <linux/device_cgroup.h>
15 #include <linux/highmem.h>
16 #include <linux/blkdev.h>
17 #include <linux/backing-dev.h>
18 #include <linux/module.h>
19 #include <linux/blkpg.h>
20 #include <linux/magic.h>
21 #include <linux/dax.h>
22 #include <linux/buffer_head.h>
23 #include <linux/swap.h>
24 #include <linux/pagevec.h>
25 #include <linux/writeback.h>
26 #include <linux/mpage.h>
27 #include <linux/mount.h>
28 #include <linux/uio.h>
29 #include <linux/namei.h>
30 #include <linux/log2.h>
31 #include <linux/cleancache.h>
32 #include <linux/dax.h>
33 #include <linux/badblocks.h>
34 #include <linux/task_io_accounting_ops.h>
35 #include <linux/falloc.h>
36 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
40 struct block_device bdev;
41 struct inode vfs_inode;
44 static const struct address_space_operations def_blk_aops;
46 static inline struct bdev_inode *BDEV_I(struct inode *inode)
48 return container_of(inode, struct bdev_inode, vfs_inode);
51 struct block_device *I_BDEV(struct inode *inode)
53 return &BDEV_I(inode)->bdev;
55 EXPORT_SYMBOL(I_BDEV);
57 void __vfs_msg(struct super_block *sb, const char *prefix, const char *fmt, ...)
65 printk_ratelimited("%sVFS (%s): %pV\n", prefix, sb->s_id, &vaf);
69 static void bdev_write_inode(struct block_device *bdev)
71 struct inode *inode = bdev->bd_inode;
74 spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
75 while (inode->i_state & I_DIRTY) {
76 spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
77 ret = write_inode_now(inode, true);
79 char name[BDEVNAME_SIZE];
80 pr_warn_ratelimited("VFS: Dirty inode writeback failed "
81 "for block device %s (err=%d).\n",
82 bdevname(bdev, name), ret);
84 spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
86 spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
89 /* Kill _all_ buffers and pagecache , dirty or not.. */
90 void kill_bdev(struct block_device *bdev)
92 struct address_space *mapping = bdev->bd_inode->i_mapping;
94 if (mapping->nrpages == 0 && mapping->nrexceptional == 0)
98 truncate_inode_pages(mapping, 0);
100 EXPORT_SYMBOL(kill_bdev);
102 /* Invalidate clean unused buffers and pagecache. */
103 void invalidate_bdev(struct block_device *bdev)
105 struct address_space *mapping = bdev->bd_inode->i_mapping;
107 if (mapping->nrpages == 0)
110 invalidate_bh_lrus();
111 lru_add_drain_all(); /* make sure all lru add caches are flushed */
112 invalidate_mapping_pages(mapping, 0, -1);
113 /* 99% of the time, we don't need to flush the cleancache on the bdev.
114 * But, for the strange corners, lets be cautious
116 cleancache_invalidate_inode(mapping);
118 EXPORT_SYMBOL(invalidate_bdev);
120 int set_blocksize(struct block_device *bdev, int size)
122 /* Size must be a power of two, and between 512 and PAGE_SIZE */
123 if (size > PAGE_SIZE || size < 512 || !is_power_of_2(size))
126 /* Size cannot be smaller than the size supported by the device */
127 if (size < bdev_logical_block_size(bdev))
130 /* Don't change the size if it is same as current */
131 if (bdev->bd_block_size != size) {
133 bdev->bd_block_size = size;
134 bdev->bd_inode->i_blkbits = blksize_bits(size);
140 EXPORT_SYMBOL(set_blocksize);
142 int sb_set_blocksize(struct super_block *sb, int size)
144 if (set_blocksize(sb->s_bdev, size))
146 /* If we get here, we know size is power of two
147 * and it's value is between 512 and PAGE_SIZE */
148 sb->s_blocksize = size;
149 sb->s_blocksize_bits = blksize_bits(size);
150 return sb->s_blocksize;
153 EXPORT_SYMBOL(sb_set_blocksize);
155 int sb_min_blocksize(struct super_block *sb, int size)
157 int minsize = bdev_logical_block_size(sb->s_bdev);
160 return sb_set_blocksize(sb, size);
163 EXPORT_SYMBOL(sb_min_blocksize);
166 blkdev_get_block(struct inode *inode, sector_t iblock,
167 struct buffer_head *bh, int create)
169 bh->b_bdev = I_BDEV(inode);
170 bh->b_blocknr = iblock;
171 set_buffer_mapped(bh);
175 static struct inode *bdev_file_inode(struct file *file)
177 return file->f_mapping->host;
180 static unsigned int dio_bio_write_op(struct kiocb *iocb)
182 unsigned int op = REQ_OP_WRITE | REQ_SYNC | REQ_IDLE;
184 /* avoid the need for a I/O completion work item */
185 if (iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_DSYNC)
190 #define DIO_INLINE_BIO_VECS 4
192 static void blkdev_bio_end_io_simple(struct bio *bio)
194 struct task_struct *waiter = bio->bi_private;
196 WRITE_ONCE(bio->bi_private, NULL);
197 wake_up_process(waiter);
201 __blkdev_direct_IO_simple(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *iter,
204 struct file *file = iocb->ki_filp;
205 struct block_device *bdev = I_BDEV(bdev_file_inode(file));
206 struct bio_vec inline_vecs[DIO_INLINE_BIO_VECS], *vecs, *bvec;
207 loff_t pos = iocb->ki_pos;
208 bool should_dirty = false;
214 if ((pos | iov_iter_alignment(iter)) &
215 (bdev_logical_block_size(bdev) - 1))
218 if (nr_pages <= DIO_INLINE_BIO_VECS)
221 vecs = kmalloc(nr_pages * sizeof(struct bio_vec), GFP_KERNEL);
226 bio_init(&bio, vecs, nr_pages);
228 bio.bi_iter.bi_sector = pos >> 9;
229 bio.bi_private = current;
230 bio.bi_end_io = blkdev_bio_end_io_simple;
232 ret = bio_iov_iter_get_pages(&bio, iter);
235 ret = bio.bi_iter.bi_size;
237 if (iov_iter_rw(iter) == READ) {
238 bio.bi_opf = REQ_OP_READ;
239 if (iter_is_iovec(iter))
242 bio.bi_opf = dio_bio_write_op(iocb);
243 task_io_account_write(ret);
246 qc = submit_bio(&bio);
248 set_current_state(TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
249 if (!READ_ONCE(bio.bi_private))
251 if (!(iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_HIPRI) ||
252 !blk_mq_poll(bdev_get_queue(bdev), qc))
255 __set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
257 bio_for_each_segment_all(bvec, &bio, i) {
258 if (should_dirty && !PageCompound(bvec->bv_page))
259 set_page_dirty_lock(bvec->bv_page);
260 put_page(bvec->bv_page);
263 if (vecs != inline_vecs)
266 if (unlikely(bio.bi_error))
274 struct task_struct *waiter;
279 bool should_dirty : 1;
284 static struct bio_set *blkdev_dio_pool __read_mostly;
286 static void blkdev_bio_end_io(struct bio *bio)
288 struct blkdev_dio *dio = bio->bi_private;
289 bool should_dirty = dio->should_dirty;
291 if (dio->multi_bio && !atomic_dec_and_test(&dio->ref)) {
292 if (bio->bi_error && !dio->bio.bi_error)
293 dio->bio.bi_error = bio->bi_error;
296 struct kiocb *iocb = dio->iocb;
297 ssize_t ret = dio->bio.bi_error;
304 dio->iocb->ki_complete(iocb, ret, 0);
307 struct task_struct *waiter = dio->waiter;
309 WRITE_ONCE(dio->waiter, NULL);
310 wake_up_process(waiter);
315 bio_check_pages_dirty(bio);
317 struct bio_vec *bvec;
320 bio_for_each_segment_all(bvec, bio, i)
321 put_page(bvec->bv_page);
327 __blkdev_direct_IO(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *iter, int nr_pages)
329 struct file *file = iocb->ki_filp;
330 struct inode *inode = bdev_file_inode(file);
331 struct block_device *bdev = I_BDEV(inode);
332 struct blk_plug plug;
333 struct blkdev_dio *dio;
335 bool is_read = (iov_iter_rw(iter) == READ), is_sync;
336 loff_t pos = iocb->ki_pos;
337 blk_qc_t qc = BLK_QC_T_NONE;
340 if ((pos | iov_iter_alignment(iter)) &
341 (bdev_logical_block_size(bdev) - 1))
344 bio = bio_alloc_bioset(GFP_KERNEL, nr_pages, blkdev_dio_pool);
345 bio_get(bio); /* extra ref for the completion handler */
347 dio = container_of(bio, struct blkdev_dio, bio);
348 dio->is_sync = is_sync = is_sync_kiocb(iocb);
350 dio->waiter = current;
355 dio->multi_bio = false;
356 dio->should_dirty = is_read && (iter->type == ITER_IOVEC);
358 blk_start_plug(&plug);
361 bio->bi_iter.bi_sector = pos >> 9;
362 bio->bi_private = dio;
363 bio->bi_end_io = blkdev_bio_end_io;
365 ret = bio_iov_iter_get_pages(bio, iter);
373 bio->bi_opf = REQ_OP_READ;
374 if (dio->should_dirty)
375 bio_set_pages_dirty(bio);
377 bio->bi_opf = dio_bio_write_op(iocb);
378 task_io_account_write(bio->bi_iter.bi_size);
381 dio->size += bio->bi_iter.bi_size;
382 pos += bio->bi_iter.bi_size;
384 nr_pages = iov_iter_npages(iter, BIO_MAX_PAGES);
386 qc = submit_bio(bio);
390 if (!dio->multi_bio) {
391 dio->multi_bio = true;
392 atomic_set(&dio->ref, 2);
394 atomic_inc(&dio->ref);
398 bio = bio_alloc(GFP_KERNEL, nr_pages);
400 blk_finish_plug(&plug);
406 set_current_state(TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
407 if (!READ_ONCE(dio->waiter))
410 if (!(iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_HIPRI) ||
411 !blk_mq_poll(bdev_get_queue(bdev), qc))
414 __set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
416 ret = dio->bio.bi_error;
425 blkdev_direct_IO(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *iter)
429 nr_pages = iov_iter_npages(iter, BIO_MAX_PAGES + 1);
432 if (is_sync_kiocb(iocb) && nr_pages <= BIO_MAX_PAGES)
433 return __blkdev_direct_IO_simple(iocb, iter, nr_pages);
435 return __blkdev_direct_IO(iocb, iter, min(nr_pages, BIO_MAX_PAGES));
438 static __init int blkdev_init(void)
440 blkdev_dio_pool = bioset_create(4, offsetof(struct blkdev_dio, bio));
441 if (!blkdev_dio_pool)
445 module_init(blkdev_init);
447 int __sync_blockdev(struct block_device *bdev, int wait)
452 return filemap_flush(bdev->bd_inode->i_mapping);
453 return filemap_write_and_wait(bdev->bd_inode->i_mapping);
457 * Write out and wait upon all the dirty data associated with a block
458 * device via its mapping. Does not take the superblock lock.
460 int sync_blockdev(struct block_device *bdev)
462 return __sync_blockdev(bdev, 1);
464 EXPORT_SYMBOL(sync_blockdev);
467 * Write out and wait upon all dirty data associated with this
468 * device. Filesystem data as well as the underlying block
469 * device. Takes the superblock lock.
471 int fsync_bdev(struct block_device *bdev)
473 struct super_block *sb = get_super(bdev);
475 int res = sync_filesystem(sb);
479 return sync_blockdev(bdev);
481 EXPORT_SYMBOL(fsync_bdev);
484 * freeze_bdev -- lock a filesystem and force it into a consistent state
485 * @bdev: blockdevice to lock
487 * If a superblock is found on this device, we take the s_umount semaphore
488 * on it to make sure nobody unmounts until the snapshot creation is done.
489 * The reference counter (bd_fsfreeze_count) guarantees that only the last
490 * unfreeze process can unfreeze the frozen filesystem actually when multiple
491 * freeze requests arrive simultaneously. It counts up in freeze_bdev() and
492 * count down in thaw_bdev(). When it becomes 0, thaw_bdev() will unfreeze
495 struct super_block *freeze_bdev(struct block_device *bdev)
497 struct super_block *sb;
500 mutex_lock(&bdev->bd_fsfreeze_mutex);
501 if (++bdev->bd_fsfreeze_count > 1) {
503 * We don't even need to grab a reference - the first call
504 * to freeze_bdev grab an active reference and only the last
505 * thaw_bdev drops it.
507 sb = get_super(bdev);
510 mutex_unlock(&bdev->bd_fsfreeze_mutex);
514 sb = get_active_super(bdev);
517 if (sb->s_op->freeze_super)
518 error = sb->s_op->freeze_super(sb);
520 error = freeze_super(sb);
522 deactivate_super(sb);
523 bdev->bd_fsfreeze_count--;
524 mutex_unlock(&bdev->bd_fsfreeze_mutex);
525 return ERR_PTR(error);
527 deactivate_super(sb);
530 mutex_unlock(&bdev->bd_fsfreeze_mutex);
531 return sb; /* thaw_bdev releases s->s_umount */
533 EXPORT_SYMBOL(freeze_bdev);
536 * thaw_bdev -- unlock filesystem
537 * @bdev: blockdevice to unlock
538 * @sb: associated superblock
540 * Unlocks the filesystem and marks it writeable again after freeze_bdev().
542 int thaw_bdev(struct block_device *bdev, struct super_block *sb)
546 mutex_lock(&bdev->bd_fsfreeze_mutex);
547 if (!bdev->bd_fsfreeze_count)
551 if (--bdev->bd_fsfreeze_count > 0)
557 if (sb->s_op->thaw_super)
558 error = sb->s_op->thaw_super(sb);
560 error = thaw_super(sb);
562 bdev->bd_fsfreeze_count++;
564 mutex_unlock(&bdev->bd_fsfreeze_mutex);
567 EXPORT_SYMBOL(thaw_bdev);
569 static int blkdev_writepage(struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc)
571 return block_write_full_page(page, blkdev_get_block, wbc);
574 static int blkdev_readpage(struct file * file, struct page * page)
576 return block_read_full_page(page, blkdev_get_block);
579 static int blkdev_readpages(struct file *file, struct address_space *mapping,
580 struct list_head *pages, unsigned nr_pages)
582 return mpage_readpages(mapping, pages, nr_pages, blkdev_get_block);
585 static int blkdev_write_begin(struct file *file, struct address_space *mapping,
586 loff_t pos, unsigned len, unsigned flags,
587 struct page **pagep, void **fsdata)
589 return block_write_begin(mapping, pos, len, flags, pagep,
593 static int blkdev_write_end(struct file *file, struct address_space *mapping,
594 loff_t pos, unsigned len, unsigned copied,
595 struct page *page, void *fsdata)
598 ret = block_write_end(file, mapping, pos, len, copied, page, fsdata);
608 * for a block special file file_inode(file)->i_size is zero
609 * so we compute the size by hand (just as in block_read/write above)
611 static loff_t block_llseek(struct file *file, loff_t offset, int whence)
613 struct inode *bd_inode = bdev_file_inode(file);
616 inode_lock(bd_inode);
617 retval = fixed_size_llseek(file, offset, whence, i_size_read(bd_inode));
618 inode_unlock(bd_inode);
622 int blkdev_fsync(struct file *filp, loff_t start, loff_t end, int datasync)
624 struct inode *bd_inode = bdev_file_inode(filp);
625 struct block_device *bdev = I_BDEV(bd_inode);
628 error = filemap_write_and_wait_range(filp->f_mapping, start, end);
633 * There is no need to serialise calls to blkdev_issue_flush with
634 * i_mutex and doing so causes performance issues with concurrent
635 * O_SYNC writers to a block device.
637 error = blkdev_issue_flush(bdev, GFP_KERNEL, NULL);
638 if (error == -EOPNOTSUPP)
643 EXPORT_SYMBOL(blkdev_fsync);
646 * bdev_read_page() - Start reading a page from a block device
647 * @bdev: The device to read the page from
648 * @sector: The offset on the device to read the page to (need not be aligned)
649 * @page: The page to read
651 * On entry, the page should be locked. It will be unlocked when the page
652 * has been read. If the block driver implements rw_page synchronously,
653 * that will be true on exit from this function, but it need not be.
655 * Errors returned by this function are usually "soft", eg out of memory, or
656 * queue full; callers should try a different route to read this page rather
657 * than propagate an error back up the stack.
659 * Return: negative errno if an error occurs, 0 if submission was successful.
661 int bdev_read_page(struct block_device *bdev, sector_t sector,
664 const struct block_device_operations *ops = bdev->bd_disk->fops;
665 int result = -EOPNOTSUPP;
667 if (!ops->rw_page || bdev_get_integrity(bdev))
670 result = blk_queue_enter(bdev->bd_queue, false);
673 result = ops->rw_page(bdev, sector + get_start_sect(bdev), page, false);
674 blk_queue_exit(bdev->bd_queue);
677 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(bdev_read_page);
680 * bdev_write_page() - Start writing a page to a block device
681 * @bdev: The device to write the page to
682 * @sector: The offset on the device to write the page to (need not be aligned)
683 * @page: The page to write
684 * @wbc: The writeback_control for the write
686 * On entry, the page should be locked and not currently under writeback.
687 * On exit, if the write started successfully, the page will be unlocked and
688 * under writeback. If the write failed already (eg the driver failed to
689 * queue the page to the device), the page will still be locked. If the
690 * caller is a ->writepage implementation, it will need to unlock the page.
692 * Errors returned by this function are usually "soft", eg out of memory, or
693 * queue full; callers should try a different route to write this page rather
694 * than propagate an error back up the stack.
696 * Return: negative errno if an error occurs, 0 if submission was successful.
698 int bdev_write_page(struct block_device *bdev, sector_t sector,
699 struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc)
702 const struct block_device_operations *ops = bdev->bd_disk->fops;
704 if (!ops->rw_page || bdev_get_integrity(bdev))
706 result = blk_queue_enter(bdev->bd_queue, false);
710 set_page_writeback(page);
711 result = ops->rw_page(bdev, sector + get_start_sect(bdev), page, true);
713 end_page_writeback(page);
716 blk_queue_exit(bdev->bd_queue);
719 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(bdev_write_page);
721 int bdev_dax_pgoff(struct block_device *bdev, sector_t sector, size_t size,
724 phys_addr_t phys_off = (get_start_sect(bdev) + sector) * 512;
727 *pgoff = PHYS_PFN(phys_off);
728 if (phys_off % PAGE_SIZE || size % PAGE_SIZE)
732 EXPORT_SYMBOL(bdev_dax_pgoff);
735 * bdev_dax_supported() - Check if the device supports dax for filesystem
736 * @sb: The superblock of the device
737 * @blocksize: The block size of the device
739 * This is a library function for filesystems to check if the block device
740 * can be mounted with dax option.
742 * Return: negative errno if unsupported, 0 if supported.
744 int bdev_dax_supported(struct super_block *sb, int blocksize)
746 struct block_device *bdev = sb->s_bdev;
747 struct dax_device *dax_dev;
754 if (blocksize != PAGE_SIZE) {
755 vfs_msg(sb, KERN_ERR, "error: unsupported blocksize for dax");
759 err = bdev_dax_pgoff(bdev, 0, PAGE_SIZE, &pgoff);
761 vfs_msg(sb, KERN_ERR, "error: unaligned partition for dax");
765 dax_dev = dax_get_by_host(bdev->bd_disk->disk_name);
767 vfs_msg(sb, KERN_ERR, "error: device does not support dax");
771 id = dax_read_lock();
772 len = dax_direct_access(dax_dev, pgoff, 1, &kaddr, &pfn);
778 vfs_msg(sb, KERN_ERR,
779 "error: dax access failed (%ld)", len);
780 return len < 0 ? len : -EIO;
785 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(bdev_dax_supported);
791 static __cacheline_aligned_in_smp DEFINE_SPINLOCK(bdev_lock);
792 static struct kmem_cache * bdev_cachep __read_mostly;
794 static struct inode *bdev_alloc_inode(struct super_block *sb)
796 struct bdev_inode *ei = kmem_cache_alloc(bdev_cachep, GFP_KERNEL);
799 return &ei->vfs_inode;
802 static void bdev_i_callback(struct rcu_head *head)
804 struct inode *inode = container_of(head, struct inode, i_rcu);
805 struct bdev_inode *bdi = BDEV_I(inode);
807 kmem_cache_free(bdev_cachep, bdi);
810 static void bdev_destroy_inode(struct inode *inode)
812 call_rcu(&inode->i_rcu, bdev_i_callback);
815 static void init_once(void *foo)
817 struct bdev_inode *ei = (struct bdev_inode *) foo;
818 struct block_device *bdev = &ei->bdev;
820 memset(bdev, 0, sizeof(*bdev));
821 mutex_init(&bdev->bd_mutex);
822 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&bdev->bd_list);
824 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&bdev->bd_holder_disks);
826 bdev->bd_bdi = &noop_backing_dev_info;
827 inode_init_once(&ei->vfs_inode);
828 /* Initialize mutex for freeze. */
829 mutex_init(&bdev->bd_fsfreeze_mutex);
832 static void bdev_evict_inode(struct inode *inode)
834 struct block_device *bdev = &BDEV_I(inode)->bdev;
835 truncate_inode_pages_final(&inode->i_data);
836 invalidate_inode_buffers(inode); /* is it needed here? */
838 spin_lock(&bdev_lock);
839 list_del_init(&bdev->bd_list);
840 spin_unlock(&bdev_lock);
841 if (bdev->bd_bdi != &noop_backing_dev_info) {
842 bdi_put(bdev->bd_bdi);
843 bdev->bd_bdi = &noop_backing_dev_info;
847 static const struct super_operations bdev_sops = {
848 .statfs = simple_statfs,
849 .alloc_inode = bdev_alloc_inode,
850 .destroy_inode = bdev_destroy_inode,
851 .drop_inode = generic_delete_inode,
852 .evict_inode = bdev_evict_inode,
855 static struct dentry *bd_mount(struct file_system_type *fs_type,
856 int flags, const char *dev_name, void *data)
859 dent = mount_pseudo(fs_type, "bdev:", &bdev_sops, NULL, BDEVFS_MAGIC);
861 dent->d_sb->s_iflags |= SB_I_CGROUPWB;
865 static struct file_system_type bd_type = {
868 .kill_sb = kill_anon_super,
871 struct super_block *blockdev_superblock __read_mostly;
872 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(blockdev_superblock);
874 void __init bdev_cache_init(void)
877 static struct vfsmount *bd_mnt;
879 bdev_cachep = kmem_cache_create("bdev_cache", sizeof(struct bdev_inode),
880 0, (SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN|SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT|
881 SLAB_MEM_SPREAD|SLAB_ACCOUNT|SLAB_PANIC),
883 err = register_filesystem(&bd_type);
885 panic("Cannot register bdev pseudo-fs");
886 bd_mnt = kern_mount(&bd_type);
888 panic("Cannot create bdev pseudo-fs");
889 blockdev_superblock = bd_mnt->mnt_sb; /* For writeback */
893 * Most likely _very_ bad one - but then it's hardly critical for small
894 * /dev and can be fixed when somebody will need really large one.
895 * Keep in mind that it will be fed through icache hash function too.
897 static inline unsigned long hash(dev_t dev)
899 return MAJOR(dev)+MINOR(dev);
902 static int bdev_test(struct inode *inode, void *data)
904 return BDEV_I(inode)->bdev.bd_dev == *(dev_t *)data;
907 static int bdev_set(struct inode *inode, void *data)
909 BDEV_I(inode)->bdev.bd_dev = *(dev_t *)data;
913 static LIST_HEAD(all_bdevs);
916 * If there is a bdev inode for this device, unhash it so that it gets evicted
917 * as soon as last inode reference is dropped.
919 void bdev_unhash_inode(dev_t dev)
923 inode = ilookup5(blockdev_superblock, hash(dev), bdev_test, &dev);
925 remove_inode_hash(inode);
930 struct block_device *bdget(dev_t dev)
932 struct block_device *bdev;
935 inode = iget5_locked(blockdev_superblock, hash(dev),
936 bdev_test, bdev_set, &dev);
941 bdev = &BDEV_I(inode)->bdev;
943 if (inode->i_state & I_NEW) {
944 bdev->bd_contains = NULL;
945 bdev->bd_super = NULL;
946 bdev->bd_inode = inode;
947 bdev->bd_block_size = i_blocksize(inode);
948 bdev->bd_part_count = 0;
949 bdev->bd_invalidated = 0;
950 inode->i_mode = S_IFBLK;
952 inode->i_bdev = bdev;
953 inode->i_data.a_ops = &def_blk_aops;
954 mapping_set_gfp_mask(&inode->i_data, GFP_USER);
955 spin_lock(&bdev_lock);
956 list_add(&bdev->bd_list, &all_bdevs);
957 spin_unlock(&bdev_lock);
958 unlock_new_inode(inode);
963 EXPORT_SYMBOL(bdget);
966 * bdgrab -- Grab a reference to an already referenced block device
967 * @bdev: Block device to grab a reference to.
969 struct block_device *bdgrab(struct block_device *bdev)
971 ihold(bdev->bd_inode);
974 EXPORT_SYMBOL(bdgrab);
976 long nr_blockdev_pages(void)
978 struct block_device *bdev;
980 spin_lock(&bdev_lock);
981 list_for_each_entry(bdev, &all_bdevs, bd_list) {
982 ret += bdev->bd_inode->i_mapping->nrpages;
984 spin_unlock(&bdev_lock);
988 void bdput(struct block_device *bdev)
990 iput(bdev->bd_inode);
993 EXPORT_SYMBOL(bdput);
995 static struct block_device *bd_acquire(struct inode *inode)
997 struct block_device *bdev;
999 spin_lock(&bdev_lock);
1000 bdev = inode->i_bdev;
1001 if (bdev && !inode_unhashed(bdev->bd_inode)) {
1003 spin_unlock(&bdev_lock);
1006 spin_unlock(&bdev_lock);
1009 * i_bdev references block device inode that was already shut down
1010 * (corresponding device got removed). Remove the reference and look
1011 * up block device inode again just in case new device got
1012 * reestablished under the same device number.
1017 bdev = bdget(inode->i_rdev);
1019 spin_lock(&bdev_lock);
1020 if (!inode->i_bdev) {
1022 * We take an additional reference to bd_inode,
1023 * and it's released in clear_inode() of inode.
1024 * So, we can access it via ->i_mapping always
1028 inode->i_bdev = bdev;
1029 inode->i_mapping = bdev->bd_inode->i_mapping;
1031 spin_unlock(&bdev_lock);
1036 /* Call when you free inode */
1038 void bd_forget(struct inode *inode)
1040 struct block_device *bdev = NULL;
1042 spin_lock(&bdev_lock);
1043 if (!sb_is_blkdev_sb(inode->i_sb))
1044 bdev = inode->i_bdev;
1045 inode->i_bdev = NULL;
1046 inode->i_mapping = &inode->i_data;
1047 spin_unlock(&bdev_lock);
1054 * bd_may_claim - test whether a block device can be claimed
1055 * @bdev: block device of interest
1056 * @whole: whole block device containing @bdev, may equal @bdev
1057 * @holder: holder trying to claim @bdev
1059 * Test whether @bdev can be claimed by @holder.
1062 * spin_lock(&bdev_lock).
1065 * %true if @bdev can be claimed, %false otherwise.
1067 static bool bd_may_claim(struct block_device *bdev, struct block_device *whole,
1070 if (bdev->bd_holder == holder)
1071 return true; /* already a holder */
1072 else if (bdev->bd_holder != NULL)
1073 return false; /* held by someone else */
1074 else if (whole == bdev)
1075 return true; /* is a whole device which isn't held */
1077 else if (whole->bd_holder == bd_may_claim)
1078 return true; /* is a partition of a device that is being partitioned */
1079 else if (whole->bd_holder != NULL)
1080 return false; /* is a partition of a held device */
1082 return true; /* is a partition of an un-held device */
1086 * bd_prepare_to_claim - prepare to claim a block device
1087 * @bdev: block device of interest
1088 * @whole: the whole device containing @bdev, may equal @bdev
1089 * @holder: holder trying to claim @bdev
1091 * Prepare to claim @bdev. This function fails if @bdev is already
1092 * claimed by another holder and waits if another claiming is in
1093 * progress. This function doesn't actually claim. On successful
1094 * return, the caller has ownership of bd_claiming and bd_holder[s].
1097 * spin_lock(&bdev_lock). Might release bdev_lock, sleep and regrab
1098 * it multiple times.
1101 * 0 if @bdev can be claimed, -EBUSY otherwise.
1103 static int bd_prepare_to_claim(struct block_device *bdev,
1104 struct block_device *whole, void *holder)
1107 /* if someone else claimed, fail */
1108 if (!bd_may_claim(bdev, whole, holder))
1111 /* if claiming is already in progress, wait for it to finish */
1112 if (whole->bd_claiming) {
1113 wait_queue_head_t *wq = bit_waitqueue(&whole->bd_claiming, 0);
1116 prepare_to_wait(wq, &wait, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
1117 spin_unlock(&bdev_lock);
1119 finish_wait(wq, &wait);
1120 spin_lock(&bdev_lock);
1129 * bd_start_claiming - start claiming a block device
1130 * @bdev: block device of interest
1131 * @holder: holder trying to claim @bdev
1133 * @bdev is about to be opened exclusively. Check @bdev can be opened
1134 * exclusively and mark that an exclusive open is in progress. Each
1135 * successful call to this function must be matched with a call to
1136 * either bd_finish_claiming() or bd_abort_claiming() (which do not
1139 * This function is used to gain exclusive access to the block device
1140 * without actually causing other exclusive open attempts to fail. It
1141 * should be used when the open sequence itself requires exclusive
1142 * access but may subsequently fail.
1148 * Pointer to the block device containing @bdev on success, ERR_PTR()
1151 static struct block_device *bd_start_claiming(struct block_device *bdev,
1154 struct gendisk *disk;
1155 struct block_device *whole;
1161 * @bdev might not have been initialized properly yet, look up
1162 * and grab the outer block device the hard way.
1164 disk = get_gendisk(bdev->bd_dev, &partno);
1166 return ERR_PTR(-ENXIO);
1169 * Normally, @bdev should equal what's returned from bdget_disk()
1170 * if partno is 0; however, some drivers (floppy) use multiple
1171 * bdev's for the same physical device and @bdev may be one of the
1172 * aliases. Keep @bdev if partno is 0. This means claimer
1173 * tracking is broken for those devices but it has always been that
1177 whole = bdget_disk(disk, 0);
1179 whole = bdgrab(bdev);
1181 module_put(disk->fops->owner);
1184 return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
1186 /* prepare to claim, if successful, mark claiming in progress */
1187 spin_lock(&bdev_lock);
1189 err = bd_prepare_to_claim(bdev, whole, holder);
1191 whole->bd_claiming = holder;
1192 spin_unlock(&bdev_lock);
1195 spin_unlock(&bdev_lock);
1197 return ERR_PTR(err);
1202 struct bd_holder_disk {
1203 struct list_head list;
1204 struct gendisk *disk;
1208 static struct bd_holder_disk *bd_find_holder_disk(struct block_device *bdev,
1209 struct gendisk *disk)
1211 struct bd_holder_disk *holder;
1213 list_for_each_entry(holder, &bdev->bd_holder_disks, list)
1214 if (holder->disk == disk)
1219 static int add_symlink(struct kobject *from, struct kobject *to)
1221 return sysfs_create_link(from, to, kobject_name(to));
1224 static void del_symlink(struct kobject *from, struct kobject *to)
1226 sysfs_remove_link(from, kobject_name(to));
1230 * bd_link_disk_holder - create symlinks between holding disk and slave bdev
1231 * @bdev: the claimed slave bdev
1232 * @disk: the holding disk
1234 * DON'T USE THIS UNLESS YOU'RE ALREADY USING IT.
1236 * This functions creates the following sysfs symlinks.
1238 * - from "slaves" directory of the holder @disk to the claimed @bdev
1239 * - from "holders" directory of the @bdev to the holder @disk
1241 * For example, if /dev/dm-0 maps to /dev/sda and disk for dm-0 is
1242 * passed to bd_link_disk_holder(), then:
1244 * /sys/block/dm-0/slaves/sda --> /sys/block/sda
1245 * /sys/block/sda/holders/dm-0 --> /sys/block/dm-0
1247 * The caller must have claimed @bdev before calling this function and
1248 * ensure that both @bdev and @disk are valid during the creation and
1249 * lifetime of these symlinks.
1255 * 0 on success, -errno on failure.
1257 int bd_link_disk_holder(struct block_device *bdev, struct gendisk *disk)
1259 struct bd_holder_disk *holder;
1262 mutex_lock(&bdev->bd_mutex);
1264 WARN_ON_ONCE(!bdev->bd_holder);
1266 /* FIXME: remove the following once add_disk() handles errors */
1267 if (WARN_ON(!disk->slave_dir || !bdev->bd_part->holder_dir))
1270 holder = bd_find_holder_disk(bdev, disk);
1276 holder = kzalloc(sizeof(*holder), GFP_KERNEL);
1282 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&holder->list);
1283 holder->disk = disk;
1286 ret = add_symlink(disk->slave_dir, &part_to_dev(bdev->bd_part)->kobj);
1290 ret = add_symlink(bdev->bd_part->holder_dir, &disk_to_dev(disk)->kobj);
1294 * bdev could be deleted beneath us which would implicitly destroy
1295 * the holder directory. Hold on to it.
1297 kobject_get(bdev->bd_part->holder_dir);
1299 list_add(&holder->list, &bdev->bd_holder_disks);
1303 del_symlink(disk->slave_dir, &part_to_dev(bdev->bd_part)->kobj);
1307 mutex_unlock(&bdev->bd_mutex);
1310 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(bd_link_disk_holder);
1313 * bd_unlink_disk_holder - destroy symlinks created by bd_link_disk_holder()
1314 * @bdev: the calimed slave bdev
1315 * @disk: the holding disk
1317 * DON'T USE THIS UNLESS YOU'RE ALREADY USING IT.
1322 void bd_unlink_disk_holder(struct block_device *bdev, struct gendisk *disk)
1324 struct bd_holder_disk *holder;
1326 mutex_lock(&bdev->bd_mutex);
1328 holder = bd_find_holder_disk(bdev, disk);
1330 if (!WARN_ON_ONCE(holder == NULL) && !--holder->refcnt) {
1331 del_symlink(disk->slave_dir, &part_to_dev(bdev->bd_part)->kobj);
1332 del_symlink(bdev->bd_part->holder_dir,
1333 &disk_to_dev(disk)->kobj);
1334 kobject_put(bdev->bd_part->holder_dir);
1335 list_del_init(&holder->list);
1339 mutex_unlock(&bdev->bd_mutex);
1341 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(bd_unlink_disk_holder);
1345 * flush_disk - invalidates all buffer-cache entries on a disk
1347 * @bdev: struct block device to be flushed
1348 * @kill_dirty: flag to guide handling of dirty inodes
1350 * Invalidates all buffer-cache entries on a disk. It should be called
1351 * when a disk has been changed -- either by a media change or online
1354 static void flush_disk(struct block_device *bdev, bool kill_dirty)
1356 if (__invalidate_device(bdev, kill_dirty)) {
1357 printk(KERN_WARNING "VFS: busy inodes on changed media or "
1358 "resized disk %s\n",
1359 bdev->bd_disk ? bdev->bd_disk->disk_name : "");
1364 if (disk_part_scan_enabled(bdev->bd_disk))
1365 bdev->bd_invalidated = 1;
1369 * check_disk_size_change - checks for disk size change and adjusts bdev size.
1370 * @disk: struct gendisk to check
1371 * @bdev: struct bdev to adjust.
1373 * This routine checks to see if the bdev size does not match the disk size
1374 * and adjusts it if it differs.
1376 void check_disk_size_change(struct gendisk *disk, struct block_device *bdev)
1378 loff_t disk_size, bdev_size;
1380 disk_size = (loff_t)get_capacity(disk) << 9;
1381 bdev_size = i_size_read(bdev->bd_inode);
1382 if (disk_size != bdev_size) {
1384 "%s: detected capacity change from %lld to %lld\n",
1385 disk->disk_name, bdev_size, disk_size);
1386 i_size_write(bdev->bd_inode, disk_size);
1387 flush_disk(bdev, false);
1390 EXPORT_SYMBOL(check_disk_size_change);
1393 * revalidate_disk - wrapper for lower-level driver's revalidate_disk call-back
1394 * @disk: struct gendisk to be revalidated
1396 * This routine is a wrapper for lower-level driver's revalidate_disk
1397 * call-backs. It is used to do common pre and post operations needed
1398 * for all revalidate_disk operations.
1400 int revalidate_disk(struct gendisk *disk)
1402 struct block_device *bdev;
1405 if (disk->fops->revalidate_disk)
1406 ret = disk->fops->revalidate_disk(disk);
1407 blk_integrity_revalidate(disk);
1408 bdev = bdget_disk(disk, 0);
1412 mutex_lock(&bdev->bd_mutex);
1413 check_disk_size_change(disk, bdev);
1414 bdev->bd_invalidated = 0;
1415 mutex_unlock(&bdev->bd_mutex);
1419 EXPORT_SYMBOL(revalidate_disk);
1422 * This routine checks whether a removable media has been changed,
1423 * and invalidates all buffer-cache-entries in that case. This
1424 * is a relatively slow routine, so we have to try to minimize using
1425 * it. Thus it is called only upon a 'mount' or 'open'. This
1426 * is the best way of combining speed and utility, I think.
1427 * People changing diskettes in the middle of an operation deserve
1430 int check_disk_change(struct block_device *bdev)
1432 struct gendisk *disk = bdev->bd_disk;
1433 const struct block_device_operations *bdops = disk->fops;
1434 unsigned int events;
1436 events = disk_clear_events(disk, DISK_EVENT_MEDIA_CHANGE |
1437 DISK_EVENT_EJECT_REQUEST);
1438 if (!(events & DISK_EVENT_MEDIA_CHANGE))
1441 flush_disk(bdev, true);
1442 if (bdops->revalidate_disk)
1443 bdops->revalidate_disk(bdev->bd_disk);
1447 EXPORT_SYMBOL(check_disk_change);
1449 void bd_set_size(struct block_device *bdev, loff_t size)
1451 unsigned bsize = bdev_logical_block_size(bdev);
1453 inode_lock(bdev->bd_inode);
1454 i_size_write(bdev->bd_inode, size);
1455 inode_unlock(bdev->bd_inode);
1456 while (bsize < PAGE_SIZE) {
1461 bdev->bd_block_size = bsize;
1462 bdev->bd_inode->i_blkbits = blksize_bits(bsize);
1464 EXPORT_SYMBOL(bd_set_size);
1466 static void __blkdev_put(struct block_device *bdev, fmode_t mode, int for_part);
1471 * mutex_lock(part->bd_mutex)
1472 * mutex_lock_nested(whole->bd_mutex, 1)
1475 static int __blkdev_get(struct block_device *bdev, fmode_t mode, int for_part)
1477 struct gendisk *disk;
1478 struct module *owner;
1483 if (mode & FMODE_READ)
1485 if (mode & FMODE_WRITE)
1488 * hooks: /n/, see "layering violations".
1491 ret = devcgroup_inode_permission(bdev->bd_inode, perm);
1501 disk = get_gendisk(bdev->bd_dev, &partno);
1504 owner = disk->fops->owner;
1506 disk_block_events(disk);
1507 mutex_lock_nested(&bdev->bd_mutex, for_part);
1508 if (!bdev->bd_openers) {
1509 bdev->bd_disk = disk;
1510 bdev->bd_queue = disk->queue;
1511 bdev->bd_contains = bdev;
1512 if (bdev->bd_bdi == &noop_backing_dev_info)
1513 bdev->bd_bdi = bdi_get(disk->queue->backing_dev_info);
1517 bdev->bd_part = disk_get_part(disk, partno);
1522 if (disk->fops->open) {
1523 ret = disk->fops->open(bdev, mode);
1524 if (ret == -ERESTARTSYS) {
1525 /* Lost a race with 'disk' being
1526 * deleted, try again.
1529 disk_put_part(bdev->bd_part);
1530 bdev->bd_part = NULL;
1531 bdev->bd_disk = NULL;
1532 bdev->bd_queue = NULL;
1533 mutex_unlock(&bdev->bd_mutex);
1534 disk_unblock_events(disk);
1542 bd_set_size(bdev,(loff_t)get_capacity(disk)<<9);
1545 * If the device is invalidated, rescan partition
1546 * if open succeeded or failed with -ENOMEDIUM.
1547 * The latter is necessary to prevent ghost
1548 * partitions on a removed medium.
1550 if (bdev->bd_invalidated) {
1552 rescan_partitions(disk, bdev);
1553 else if (ret == -ENOMEDIUM)
1554 invalidate_partitions(disk, bdev);
1560 struct block_device *whole;
1561 whole = bdget_disk(disk, 0);
1566 ret = __blkdev_get(whole, mode, 1);
1569 bdev->bd_contains = whole;
1570 bdev->bd_part = disk_get_part(disk, partno);
1571 if (!(disk->flags & GENHD_FL_UP) ||
1572 !bdev->bd_part || !bdev->bd_part->nr_sects) {
1576 bd_set_size(bdev, (loff_t)bdev->bd_part->nr_sects << 9);
1579 if (bdev->bd_contains == bdev) {
1581 if (bdev->bd_disk->fops->open)
1582 ret = bdev->bd_disk->fops->open(bdev, mode);
1583 /* the same as first opener case, read comment there */
1584 if (bdev->bd_invalidated) {
1586 rescan_partitions(bdev->bd_disk, bdev);
1587 else if (ret == -ENOMEDIUM)
1588 invalidate_partitions(bdev->bd_disk, bdev);
1591 goto out_unlock_bdev;
1593 /* only one opener holds refs to the module and disk */
1599 bdev->bd_part_count++;
1600 mutex_unlock(&bdev->bd_mutex);
1601 disk_unblock_events(disk);
1605 disk_put_part(bdev->bd_part);
1606 bdev->bd_disk = NULL;
1607 bdev->bd_part = NULL;
1608 bdev->bd_queue = NULL;
1609 bdi_put(bdev->bd_bdi);
1610 bdev->bd_bdi = &noop_backing_dev_info;
1611 if (bdev != bdev->bd_contains)
1612 __blkdev_put(bdev->bd_contains, mode, 1);
1613 bdev->bd_contains = NULL;
1615 mutex_unlock(&bdev->bd_mutex);
1616 disk_unblock_events(disk);
1626 * blkdev_get - open a block device
1627 * @bdev: block_device to open
1628 * @mode: FMODE_* mask
1629 * @holder: exclusive holder identifier
1631 * Open @bdev with @mode. If @mode includes %FMODE_EXCL, @bdev is
1632 * open with exclusive access. Specifying %FMODE_EXCL with %NULL
1633 * @holder is invalid. Exclusive opens may nest for the same @holder.
1635 * On success, the reference count of @bdev is unchanged. On failure,
1642 * 0 on success, -errno on failure.
1644 int blkdev_get(struct block_device *bdev, fmode_t mode, void *holder)
1646 struct block_device *whole = NULL;
1649 WARN_ON_ONCE((mode & FMODE_EXCL) && !holder);
1651 if ((mode & FMODE_EXCL) && holder) {
1652 whole = bd_start_claiming(bdev, holder);
1653 if (IS_ERR(whole)) {
1655 return PTR_ERR(whole);
1659 res = __blkdev_get(bdev, mode, 0);
1662 struct gendisk *disk = whole->bd_disk;
1664 /* finish claiming */
1665 mutex_lock(&bdev->bd_mutex);
1666 spin_lock(&bdev_lock);
1669 BUG_ON(!bd_may_claim(bdev, whole, holder));
1671 * Note that for a whole device bd_holders
1672 * will be incremented twice, and bd_holder
1673 * will be set to bd_may_claim before being
1676 whole->bd_holders++;
1677 whole->bd_holder = bd_may_claim;
1679 bdev->bd_holder = holder;
1682 /* tell others that we're done */
1683 BUG_ON(whole->bd_claiming != holder);
1684 whole->bd_claiming = NULL;
1685 wake_up_bit(&whole->bd_claiming, 0);
1687 spin_unlock(&bdev_lock);
1690 * Block event polling for write claims if requested. Any
1691 * write holder makes the write_holder state stick until
1692 * all are released. This is good enough and tracking
1693 * individual writeable reference is too fragile given the
1694 * way @mode is used in blkdev_get/put().
1696 if (!res && (mode & FMODE_WRITE) && !bdev->bd_write_holder &&
1697 (disk->flags & GENHD_FL_BLOCK_EVENTS_ON_EXCL_WRITE)) {
1698 bdev->bd_write_holder = true;
1699 disk_block_events(disk);
1702 mutex_unlock(&bdev->bd_mutex);
1708 EXPORT_SYMBOL(blkdev_get);
1711 * blkdev_get_by_path - open a block device by name
1712 * @path: path to the block device to open
1713 * @mode: FMODE_* mask
1714 * @holder: exclusive holder identifier
1716 * Open the blockdevice described by the device file at @path. @mode
1717 * and @holder are identical to blkdev_get().
1719 * On success, the returned block_device has reference count of one.
1725 * Pointer to block_device on success, ERR_PTR(-errno) on failure.
1727 struct block_device *blkdev_get_by_path(const char *path, fmode_t mode,
1730 struct block_device *bdev;
1733 bdev = lookup_bdev(path);
1737 err = blkdev_get(bdev, mode, holder);
1739 return ERR_PTR(err);
1741 if ((mode & FMODE_WRITE) && bdev_read_only(bdev)) {
1742 blkdev_put(bdev, mode);
1743 return ERR_PTR(-EACCES);
1748 EXPORT_SYMBOL(blkdev_get_by_path);
1751 * blkdev_get_by_dev - open a block device by device number
1752 * @dev: device number of block device to open
1753 * @mode: FMODE_* mask
1754 * @holder: exclusive holder identifier
1756 * Open the blockdevice described by device number @dev. @mode and
1757 * @holder are identical to blkdev_get().
1759 * Use it ONLY if you really do not have anything better - i.e. when
1760 * you are behind a truly sucky interface and all you are given is a
1761 * device number. _Never_ to be used for internal purposes. If you
1762 * ever need it - reconsider your API.
1764 * On success, the returned block_device has reference count of one.
1770 * Pointer to block_device on success, ERR_PTR(-errno) on failure.
1772 struct block_device *blkdev_get_by_dev(dev_t dev, fmode_t mode, void *holder)
1774 struct block_device *bdev;
1779 return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
1781 err = blkdev_get(bdev, mode, holder);
1783 return ERR_PTR(err);
1787 EXPORT_SYMBOL(blkdev_get_by_dev);
1789 static int blkdev_open(struct inode * inode, struct file * filp)
1791 struct block_device *bdev;
1794 * Preserve backwards compatibility and allow large file access
1795 * even if userspace doesn't ask for it explicitly. Some mkfs
1796 * binary needs it. We might want to drop this workaround
1797 * during an unstable branch.
1799 filp->f_flags |= O_LARGEFILE;
1801 if (filp->f_flags & O_NDELAY)
1802 filp->f_mode |= FMODE_NDELAY;
1803 if (filp->f_flags & O_EXCL)
1804 filp->f_mode |= FMODE_EXCL;
1805 if ((filp->f_flags & O_ACCMODE) == 3)
1806 filp->f_mode |= FMODE_WRITE_IOCTL;
1808 bdev = bd_acquire(inode);
1812 filp->f_mapping = bdev->bd_inode->i_mapping;
1814 return blkdev_get(bdev, filp->f_mode, filp);
1817 static void __blkdev_put(struct block_device *bdev, fmode_t mode, int for_part)
1819 struct gendisk *disk = bdev->bd_disk;
1820 struct block_device *victim = NULL;
1822 mutex_lock_nested(&bdev->bd_mutex, for_part);
1824 bdev->bd_part_count--;
1826 if (!--bdev->bd_openers) {
1827 WARN_ON_ONCE(bdev->bd_holders);
1828 sync_blockdev(bdev);
1831 bdev_write_inode(bdev);
1833 * Detaching bdev inode from its wb in __destroy_inode()
1834 * is too late: the queue which embeds its bdi (along with
1835 * root wb) can be gone as soon as we put_disk() below.
1837 inode_detach_wb(bdev->bd_inode);
1839 if (bdev->bd_contains == bdev) {
1840 if (disk->fops->release)
1841 disk->fops->release(disk, mode);
1843 if (!bdev->bd_openers) {
1844 struct module *owner = disk->fops->owner;
1846 disk_put_part(bdev->bd_part);
1847 bdev->bd_part = NULL;
1848 bdev->bd_disk = NULL;
1849 if (bdev != bdev->bd_contains)
1850 victim = bdev->bd_contains;
1851 bdev->bd_contains = NULL;
1856 mutex_unlock(&bdev->bd_mutex);
1859 __blkdev_put(victim, mode, 1);
1862 void blkdev_put(struct block_device *bdev, fmode_t mode)
1864 mutex_lock(&bdev->bd_mutex);
1866 if (mode & FMODE_EXCL) {
1870 * Release a claim on the device. The holder fields
1871 * are protected with bdev_lock. bd_mutex is to
1872 * synchronize disk_holder unlinking.
1874 spin_lock(&bdev_lock);
1876 WARN_ON_ONCE(--bdev->bd_holders < 0);
1877 WARN_ON_ONCE(--bdev->bd_contains->bd_holders < 0);
1879 /* bd_contains might point to self, check in a separate step */
1880 if ((bdev_free = !bdev->bd_holders))
1881 bdev->bd_holder = NULL;
1882 if (!bdev->bd_contains->bd_holders)
1883 bdev->bd_contains->bd_holder = NULL;
1885 spin_unlock(&bdev_lock);
1888 * If this was the last claim, remove holder link and
1889 * unblock evpoll if it was a write holder.
1891 if (bdev_free && bdev->bd_write_holder) {
1892 disk_unblock_events(bdev->bd_disk);
1893 bdev->bd_write_holder = false;
1898 * Trigger event checking and tell drivers to flush MEDIA_CHANGE
1899 * event. This is to ensure detection of media removal commanded
1900 * from userland - e.g. eject(1).
1902 disk_flush_events(bdev->bd_disk, DISK_EVENT_MEDIA_CHANGE);
1904 mutex_unlock(&bdev->bd_mutex);
1906 __blkdev_put(bdev, mode, 0);
1908 EXPORT_SYMBOL(blkdev_put);
1910 static int blkdev_close(struct inode * inode, struct file * filp)
1912 struct block_device *bdev = I_BDEV(bdev_file_inode(filp));
1913 blkdev_put(bdev, filp->f_mode);
1917 static long block_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned cmd, unsigned long arg)
1919 struct block_device *bdev = I_BDEV(bdev_file_inode(file));
1920 fmode_t mode = file->f_mode;
1923 * O_NDELAY can be altered using fcntl(.., F_SETFL, ..), so we have
1924 * to updated it before every ioctl.
1926 if (file->f_flags & O_NDELAY)
1927 mode |= FMODE_NDELAY;
1929 mode &= ~FMODE_NDELAY;
1931 return blkdev_ioctl(bdev, mode, cmd, arg);
1935 * Write data to the block device. Only intended for the block device itself
1936 * and the raw driver which basically is a fake block device.
1938 * Does not take i_mutex for the write and thus is not for general purpose
1941 ssize_t blkdev_write_iter(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *from)
1943 struct file *file = iocb->ki_filp;
1944 struct inode *bd_inode = bdev_file_inode(file);
1945 loff_t size = i_size_read(bd_inode);
1946 struct blk_plug plug;
1949 if (bdev_read_only(I_BDEV(bd_inode)))
1952 if (!iov_iter_count(from))
1955 if (iocb->ki_pos >= size)
1958 iov_iter_truncate(from, size - iocb->ki_pos);
1960 blk_start_plug(&plug);
1961 ret = __generic_file_write_iter(iocb, from);
1963 ret = generic_write_sync(iocb, ret);
1964 blk_finish_plug(&plug);
1967 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(blkdev_write_iter);
1969 ssize_t blkdev_read_iter(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *to)
1971 struct file *file = iocb->ki_filp;
1972 struct inode *bd_inode = bdev_file_inode(file);
1973 loff_t size = i_size_read(bd_inode);
1974 loff_t pos = iocb->ki_pos;
1980 iov_iter_truncate(to, size);
1981 return generic_file_read_iter(iocb, to);
1983 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(blkdev_read_iter);
1986 * Try to release a page associated with block device when the system
1987 * is under memory pressure.
1989 static int blkdev_releasepage(struct page *page, gfp_t wait)
1991 struct super_block *super = BDEV_I(page->mapping->host)->bdev.bd_super;
1993 if (super && super->s_op->bdev_try_to_free_page)
1994 return super->s_op->bdev_try_to_free_page(super, page, wait);
1996 return try_to_free_buffers(page);
1999 static int blkdev_writepages(struct address_space *mapping,
2000 struct writeback_control *wbc)
2002 if (dax_mapping(mapping)) {
2003 struct block_device *bdev = I_BDEV(mapping->host);
2005 return dax_writeback_mapping_range(mapping, bdev, wbc);
2007 return generic_writepages(mapping, wbc);
2010 static const struct address_space_operations def_blk_aops = {
2011 .readpage = blkdev_readpage,
2012 .readpages = blkdev_readpages,
2013 .writepage = blkdev_writepage,
2014 .write_begin = blkdev_write_begin,
2015 .write_end = blkdev_write_end,
2016 .writepages = blkdev_writepages,
2017 .releasepage = blkdev_releasepage,
2018 .direct_IO = blkdev_direct_IO,
2019 .is_dirty_writeback = buffer_check_dirty_writeback,
2022 #define BLKDEV_FALLOC_FL_SUPPORTED \
2023 (FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE | FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE | \
2024 FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE | FALLOC_FL_NO_HIDE_STALE)
2026 static long blkdev_fallocate(struct file *file, int mode, loff_t start,
2029 struct block_device *bdev = I_BDEV(bdev_file_inode(file));
2030 struct request_queue *q = bdev_get_queue(bdev);
2031 struct address_space *mapping;
2032 loff_t end = start + len - 1;
2036 /* Fail if we don't recognize the flags. */
2037 if (mode & ~BLKDEV_FALLOC_FL_SUPPORTED)
2040 /* Don't go off the end of the device. */
2041 isize = i_size_read(bdev->bd_inode);
2045 if (mode & FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE) {
2046 len = isize - start;
2047 end = start + len - 1;
2053 * Don't allow IO that isn't aligned to logical block size.
2055 if ((start | len) & (bdev_logical_block_size(bdev) - 1))
2058 /* Invalidate the page cache, including dirty pages. */
2059 mapping = bdev->bd_inode->i_mapping;
2060 truncate_inode_pages_range(mapping, start, end);
2063 case FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE:
2064 case FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE | FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE:
2065 error = blkdev_issue_zeroout(bdev, start >> 9, len >> 9,
2068 case FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE | FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE:
2069 /* Only punch if the device can do zeroing discard. */
2070 if (!blk_queue_discard(q) || !q->limits.discard_zeroes_data)
2072 error = blkdev_issue_discard(bdev, start >> 9, len >> 9,
2075 case FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE | FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE | FALLOC_FL_NO_HIDE_STALE:
2076 if (!blk_queue_discard(q))
2078 error = blkdev_issue_discard(bdev, start >> 9, len >> 9,
2088 * Invalidate again; if someone wandered in and dirtied a page,
2089 * the caller will be given -EBUSY. The third argument is
2090 * inclusive, so the rounding here is safe.
2092 return invalidate_inode_pages2_range(mapping,
2093 start >> PAGE_SHIFT,
2097 const struct file_operations def_blk_fops = {
2098 .open = blkdev_open,
2099 .release = blkdev_close,
2100 .llseek = block_llseek,
2101 .read_iter = blkdev_read_iter,
2102 .write_iter = blkdev_write_iter,
2103 .mmap = generic_file_mmap,
2104 .fsync = blkdev_fsync,
2105 .unlocked_ioctl = block_ioctl,
2106 #ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
2107 .compat_ioctl = compat_blkdev_ioctl,
2109 .splice_read = generic_file_splice_read,
2110 .splice_write = iter_file_splice_write,
2111 .fallocate = blkdev_fallocate,
2114 int ioctl_by_bdev(struct block_device *bdev, unsigned cmd, unsigned long arg)
2117 mm_segment_t old_fs = get_fs();
2119 res = blkdev_ioctl(bdev, 0, cmd, arg);
2124 EXPORT_SYMBOL(ioctl_by_bdev);
2127 * lookup_bdev - lookup a struct block_device by name
2128 * @pathname: special file representing the block device
2130 * Get a reference to the blockdevice at @pathname in the current
2131 * namespace if possible and return it. Return ERR_PTR(error)
2134 struct block_device *lookup_bdev(const char *pathname)
2136 struct block_device *bdev;
2137 struct inode *inode;
2141 if (!pathname || !*pathname)
2142 return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
2144 error = kern_path(pathname, LOOKUP_FOLLOW, &path);
2146 return ERR_PTR(error);
2148 inode = d_backing_inode(path.dentry);
2150 if (!S_ISBLK(inode->i_mode))
2153 if (!may_open_dev(&path))
2156 bdev = bd_acquire(inode);
2163 bdev = ERR_PTR(error);
2166 EXPORT_SYMBOL(lookup_bdev);
2168 int __invalidate_device(struct block_device *bdev, bool kill_dirty)
2170 struct super_block *sb = get_super(bdev);
2175 * no need to lock the super, get_super holds the
2176 * read mutex so the filesystem cannot go away
2177 * under us (->put_super runs with the write lock
2180 shrink_dcache_sb(sb);
2181 res = invalidate_inodes(sb, kill_dirty);
2184 invalidate_bdev(bdev);
2187 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__invalidate_device);
2189 void iterate_bdevs(void (*func)(struct block_device *, void *), void *arg)
2191 struct inode *inode, *old_inode = NULL;
2193 spin_lock(&blockdev_superblock->s_inode_list_lock);
2194 list_for_each_entry(inode, &blockdev_superblock->s_inodes, i_sb_list) {
2195 struct address_space *mapping = inode->i_mapping;
2196 struct block_device *bdev;
2198 spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
2199 if (inode->i_state & (I_FREEING|I_WILL_FREE|I_NEW) ||
2200 mapping->nrpages == 0) {
2201 spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
2205 spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
2206 spin_unlock(&blockdev_superblock->s_inode_list_lock);
2208 * We hold a reference to 'inode' so it couldn't have been
2209 * removed from s_inodes list while we dropped the
2210 * s_inode_list_lock We cannot iput the inode now as we can
2211 * be holding the last reference and we cannot iput it under
2212 * s_inode_list_lock. So we keep the reference and iput it
2217 bdev = I_BDEV(inode);
2219 mutex_lock(&bdev->bd_mutex);
2220 if (bdev->bd_openers)
2222 mutex_unlock(&bdev->bd_mutex);
2224 spin_lock(&blockdev_superblock->s_inode_list_lock);
2226 spin_unlock(&blockdev_superblock->s_inode_list_lock);