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[linux.git] / fs / xfs / scrub / scrub.c
1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
2 /*
3  * Copyright (C) 2017 Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.
4  * Author: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
5  */
6 #include "xfs.h"
7 #include "xfs_fs.h"
8 #include "xfs_shared.h"
9 #include "xfs_format.h"
10 #include "xfs_trans_resv.h"
11 #include "xfs_mount.h"
12 #include "xfs_log_format.h"
13 #include "xfs_trans.h"
14 #include "xfs_inode.h"
15 #include "xfs_quota.h"
16 #include "xfs_qm.h"
17 #include "xfs_errortag.h"
18 #include "xfs_error.h"
19 #include "scrub/scrub.h"
20 #include "scrub/common.h"
21 #include "scrub/trace.h"
22 #include "scrub/repair.h"
23 #include "scrub/health.h"
24
25 /*
26  * Online Scrub and Repair
27  *
28  * Traditionally, XFS (the kernel driver) did not know how to check or
29  * repair on-disk data structures.  That task was left to the xfs_check
30  * and xfs_repair tools, both of which require taking the filesystem
31  * offline for a thorough but time consuming examination.  Online
32  * scrub & repair, on the other hand, enables us to check the metadata
33  * for obvious errors while carefully stepping around the filesystem's
34  * ongoing operations, locking rules, etc.
35  *
36  * Given that most XFS metadata consist of records stored in a btree,
37  * most of the checking functions iterate the btree blocks themselves
38  * looking for irregularities.  When a record block is encountered, each
39  * record can be checked for obviously bad values.  Record values can
40  * also be cross-referenced against other btrees to look for potential
41  * misunderstandings between pieces of metadata.
42  *
43  * It is expected that the checkers responsible for per-AG metadata
44  * structures will lock the AG headers (AGI, AGF, AGFL), iterate the
45  * metadata structure, and perform any relevant cross-referencing before
46  * unlocking the AG and returning the results to userspace.  These
47  * scrubbers must not keep an AG locked for too long to avoid tying up
48  * the block and inode allocators.
49  *
50  * Block maps and b-trees rooted in an inode present a special challenge
51  * because they can involve extents from any AG.  The general scrubber
52  * structure of lock -> check -> xref -> unlock still holds, but AG
53  * locking order rules /must/ be obeyed to avoid deadlocks.  The
54  * ordering rule, of course, is that we must lock in increasing AG
55  * order.  Helper functions are provided to track which AG headers we've
56  * already locked.  If we detect an imminent locking order violation, we
57  * can signal a potential deadlock, in which case the scrubber can jump
58  * out to the top level, lock all the AGs in order, and retry the scrub.
59  *
60  * For file data (directories, extended attributes, symlinks) scrub, we
61  * can simply lock the inode and walk the data.  For btree data
62  * (directories and attributes) we follow the same btree-scrubbing
63  * strategy outlined previously to check the records.
64  *
65  * We use a bit of trickery with transactions to avoid buffer deadlocks
66  * if there is a cycle in the metadata.  The basic problem is that
67  * travelling down a btree involves locking the current buffer at each
68  * tree level.  If a pointer should somehow point back to a buffer that
69  * we've already examined, we will deadlock due to the second buffer
70  * locking attempt.  Note however that grabbing a buffer in transaction
71  * context links the locked buffer to the transaction.  If we try to
72  * re-grab the buffer in the context of the same transaction, we avoid
73  * the second lock attempt and continue.  Between the verifier and the
74  * scrubber, something will notice that something is amiss and report
75  * the corruption.  Therefore, each scrubber will allocate an empty
76  * transaction, attach buffers to it, and cancel the transaction at the
77  * end of the scrub run.  Cancelling a non-dirty transaction simply
78  * unlocks the buffers.
79  *
80  * There are four pieces of data that scrub can communicate to
81  * userspace.  The first is the error code (errno), which can be used to
82  * communicate operational errors in performing the scrub.  There are
83  * also three flags that can be set in the scrub context.  If the data
84  * structure itself is corrupt, the CORRUPT flag will be set.  If
85  * the metadata is correct but otherwise suboptimal, the PREEN flag
86  * will be set.
87  *
88  * We perform secondary validation of filesystem metadata by
89  * cross-referencing every record with all other available metadata.
90  * For example, for block mapping extents, we verify that there are no
91  * records in the free space and inode btrees corresponding to that
92  * space extent and that there is a corresponding entry in the reverse
93  * mapping btree.  Inconsistent metadata is noted by setting the
94  * XCORRUPT flag; btree query function errors are noted by setting the
95  * XFAIL flag and deleting the cursor to prevent further attempts to
96  * cross-reference with a defective btree.
97  *
98  * If a piece of metadata proves corrupt or suboptimal, the userspace
99  * program can ask the kernel to apply some tender loving care (TLC) to
100  * the metadata object by setting the REPAIR flag and re-calling the
101  * scrub ioctl.  "Corruption" is defined by metadata violating the
102  * on-disk specification; operations cannot continue if the violation is
103  * left untreated.  It is possible for XFS to continue if an object is
104  * "suboptimal", however performance may be degraded.  Repairs are
105  * usually performed by rebuilding the metadata entirely out of
106  * redundant metadata.  Optimizing, on the other hand, can sometimes be
107  * done without rebuilding entire structures.
108  *
109  * Generally speaking, the repair code has the following code structure:
110  * Lock -> scrub -> repair -> commit -> re-lock -> re-scrub -> unlock.
111  * The first check helps us figure out if we need to rebuild or simply
112  * optimize the structure so that the rebuild knows what to do.  The
113  * second check evaluates the completeness of the repair; that is what
114  * is reported to userspace.
115  *
116  * A quick note on symbol prefixes:
117  * - "xfs_" are general XFS symbols.
118  * - "xchk_" are symbols related to metadata checking.
119  * - "xrep_" are symbols related to metadata repair.
120  * - "xfs_scrub_" are symbols that tie online fsck to the rest of XFS.
121  */
122
123 /*
124  * Scrub probe -- userspace uses this to probe if we're willing to scrub
125  * or repair a given mountpoint.  This will be used by xfs_scrub to
126  * probe the kernel's abilities to scrub (and repair) the metadata.  We
127  * do this by validating the ioctl inputs from userspace, preparing the
128  * filesystem for a scrub (or a repair) operation, and immediately
129  * returning to userspace.  Userspace can use the returned errno and
130  * structure state to decide (in broad terms) if scrub/repair are
131  * supported by the running kernel.
132  */
133 static int
134 xchk_probe(
135         struct xfs_scrub        *sc)
136 {
137         int                     error = 0;
138
139         if (xchk_should_terminate(sc, &error))
140                 return error;
141
142         return 0;
143 }
144
145 /* Scrub setup and teardown */
146
147 /* Free all the resources and finish the transactions. */
148 STATIC int
149 xchk_teardown(
150         struct xfs_scrub        *sc,
151         struct xfs_inode        *ip_in,
152         int                     error)
153 {
154         xchk_ag_free(sc, &sc->sa);
155         if (sc->tp) {
156                 if (error == 0 && (sc->sm->sm_flags & XFS_SCRUB_IFLAG_REPAIR))
157                         error = xfs_trans_commit(sc->tp);
158                 else
159                         xfs_trans_cancel(sc->tp);
160                 sc->tp = NULL;
161         }
162         if (sc->ip) {
163                 if (sc->ilock_flags)
164                         xfs_iunlock(sc->ip, sc->ilock_flags);
165                 if (sc->ip != ip_in &&
166                     !xfs_internal_inum(sc->mp, sc->ip->i_ino))
167                         xfs_irele(sc->ip);
168                 sc->ip = NULL;
169         }
170         if (sc->flags & XCHK_REAPING_DISABLED)
171                 xchk_start_reaping(sc);
172         if (sc->flags & XCHK_HAS_QUOTAOFFLOCK) {
173                 mutex_unlock(&sc->mp->m_quotainfo->qi_quotaofflock);
174                 sc->flags &= ~XCHK_HAS_QUOTAOFFLOCK;
175         }
176         if (sc->buf) {
177                 kmem_free(sc->buf);
178                 sc->buf = NULL;
179         }
180         return error;
181 }
182
183 /* Scrubbing dispatch. */
184
185 static const struct xchk_meta_ops meta_scrub_ops[] = {
186         [XFS_SCRUB_TYPE_PROBE] = {      /* ioctl presence test */
187                 .type   = ST_NONE,
188                 .setup  = xchk_setup_fs,
189                 .scrub  = xchk_probe,
190                 .repair = xrep_probe,
191         },
192         [XFS_SCRUB_TYPE_SB] = {         /* superblock */
193                 .type   = ST_PERAG,
194                 .setup  = xchk_setup_fs,
195                 .scrub  = xchk_superblock,
196                 .repair = xrep_superblock,
197         },
198         [XFS_SCRUB_TYPE_AGF] = {        /* agf */
199                 .type   = ST_PERAG,
200                 .setup  = xchk_setup_fs,
201                 .scrub  = xchk_agf,
202                 .repair = xrep_agf,
203         },
204         [XFS_SCRUB_TYPE_AGFL]= {        /* agfl */
205                 .type   = ST_PERAG,
206                 .setup  = xchk_setup_fs,
207                 .scrub  = xchk_agfl,
208                 .repair = xrep_agfl,
209         },
210         [XFS_SCRUB_TYPE_AGI] = {        /* agi */
211                 .type   = ST_PERAG,
212                 .setup  = xchk_setup_fs,
213                 .scrub  = xchk_agi,
214                 .repair = xrep_agi,
215         },
216         [XFS_SCRUB_TYPE_BNOBT] = {      /* bnobt */
217                 .type   = ST_PERAG,
218                 .setup  = xchk_setup_ag_allocbt,
219                 .scrub  = xchk_bnobt,
220                 .repair = xrep_notsupported,
221         },
222         [XFS_SCRUB_TYPE_CNTBT] = {      /* cntbt */
223                 .type   = ST_PERAG,
224                 .setup  = xchk_setup_ag_allocbt,
225                 .scrub  = xchk_cntbt,
226                 .repair = xrep_notsupported,
227         },
228         [XFS_SCRUB_TYPE_INOBT] = {      /* inobt */
229                 .type   = ST_PERAG,
230                 .setup  = xchk_setup_ag_iallocbt,
231                 .scrub  = xchk_inobt,
232                 .repair = xrep_notsupported,
233         },
234         [XFS_SCRUB_TYPE_FINOBT] = {     /* finobt */
235                 .type   = ST_PERAG,
236                 .setup  = xchk_setup_ag_iallocbt,
237                 .scrub  = xchk_finobt,
238                 .has    = xfs_sb_version_hasfinobt,
239                 .repair = xrep_notsupported,
240         },
241         [XFS_SCRUB_TYPE_RMAPBT] = {     /* rmapbt */
242                 .type   = ST_PERAG,
243                 .setup  = xchk_setup_ag_rmapbt,
244                 .scrub  = xchk_rmapbt,
245                 .has    = xfs_sb_version_hasrmapbt,
246                 .repair = xrep_notsupported,
247         },
248         [XFS_SCRUB_TYPE_REFCNTBT] = {   /* refcountbt */
249                 .type   = ST_PERAG,
250                 .setup  = xchk_setup_ag_refcountbt,
251                 .scrub  = xchk_refcountbt,
252                 .has    = xfs_sb_version_hasreflink,
253                 .repair = xrep_notsupported,
254         },
255         [XFS_SCRUB_TYPE_INODE] = {      /* inode record */
256                 .type   = ST_INODE,
257                 .setup  = xchk_setup_inode,
258                 .scrub  = xchk_inode,
259                 .repair = xrep_notsupported,
260         },
261         [XFS_SCRUB_TYPE_BMBTD] = {      /* inode data fork */
262                 .type   = ST_INODE,
263                 .setup  = xchk_setup_inode_bmap,
264                 .scrub  = xchk_bmap_data,
265                 .repair = xrep_notsupported,
266         },
267         [XFS_SCRUB_TYPE_BMBTA] = {      /* inode attr fork */
268                 .type   = ST_INODE,
269                 .setup  = xchk_setup_inode_bmap,
270                 .scrub  = xchk_bmap_attr,
271                 .repair = xrep_notsupported,
272         },
273         [XFS_SCRUB_TYPE_BMBTC] = {      /* inode CoW fork */
274                 .type   = ST_INODE,
275                 .setup  = xchk_setup_inode_bmap,
276                 .scrub  = xchk_bmap_cow,
277                 .repair = xrep_notsupported,
278         },
279         [XFS_SCRUB_TYPE_DIR] = {        /* directory */
280                 .type   = ST_INODE,
281                 .setup  = xchk_setup_directory,
282                 .scrub  = xchk_directory,
283                 .repair = xrep_notsupported,
284         },
285         [XFS_SCRUB_TYPE_XATTR] = {      /* extended attributes */
286                 .type   = ST_INODE,
287                 .setup  = xchk_setup_xattr,
288                 .scrub  = xchk_xattr,
289                 .repair = xrep_notsupported,
290         },
291         [XFS_SCRUB_TYPE_SYMLINK] = {    /* symbolic link */
292                 .type   = ST_INODE,
293                 .setup  = xchk_setup_symlink,
294                 .scrub  = xchk_symlink,
295                 .repair = xrep_notsupported,
296         },
297         [XFS_SCRUB_TYPE_PARENT] = {     /* parent pointers */
298                 .type   = ST_INODE,
299                 .setup  = xchk_setup_parent,
300                 .scrub  = xchk_parent,
301                 .repair = xrep_notsupported,
302         },
303         [XFS_SCRUB_TYPE_RTBITMAP] = {   /* realtime bitmap */
304                 .type   = ST_FS,
305                 .setup  = xchk_setup_rt,
306                 .scrub  = xchk_rtbitmap,
307                 .has    = xfs_sb_version_hasrealtime,
308                 .repair = xrep_notsupported,
309         },
310         [XFS_SCRUB_TYPE_RTSUM] = {      /* realtime summary */
311                 .type   = ST_FS,
312                 .setup  = xchk_setup_rt,
313                 .scrub  = xchk_rtsummary,
314                 .has    = xfs_sb_version_hasrealtime,
315                 .repair = xrep_notsupported,
316         },
317         [XFS_SCRUB_TYPE_UQUOTA] = {     /* user quota */
318                 .type   = ST_FS,
319                 .setup  = xchk_setup_quota,
320                 .scrub  = xchk_quota,
321                 .repair = xrep_notsupported,
322         },
323         [XFS_SCRUB_TYPE_GQUOTA] = {     /* group quota */
324                 .type   = ST_FS,
325                 .setup  = xchk_setup_quota,
326                 .scrub  = xchk_quota,
327                 .repair = xrep_notsupported,
328         },
329         [XFS_SCRUB_TYPE_PQUOTA] = {     /* project quota */
330                 .type   = ST_FS,
331                 .setup  = xchk_setup_quota,
332                 .scrub  = xchk_quota,
333                 .repair = xrep_notsupported,
334         },
335         [XFS_SCRUB_TYPE_FSCOUNTERS] = { /* fs summary counters */
336                 .type   = ST_FS,
337                 .setup  = xchk_setup_fscounters,
338                 .scrub  = xchk_fscounters,
339                 .repair = xrep_notsupported,
340         },
341 };
342
343 /* This isn't a stable feature, warn once per day. */
344 static inline void
345 xchk_experimental_warning(
346         struct xfs_mount        *mp)
347 {
348         static struct ratelimit_state scrub_warning = RATELIMIT_STATE_INIT(
349                         "xchk_warning", 86400 * HZ, 1);
350         ratelimit_set_flags(&scrub_warning, RATELIMIT_MSG_ON_RELEASE);
351
352         if (__ratelimit(&scrub_warning))
353                 xfs_alert(mp,
354 "EXPERIMENTAL online scrub feature in use. Use at your own risk!");
355 }
356
357 static int
358 xchk_validate_inputs(
359         struct xfs_mount                *mp,
360         struct xfs_scrub_metadata       *sm)
361 {
362         int                             error;
363         const struct xchk_meta_ops      *ops;
364
365         error = -EINVAL;
366         /* Check our inputs. */
367         sm->sm_flags &= ~XFS_SCRUB_FLAGS_OUT;
368         if (sm->sm_flags & ~XFS_SCRUB_FLAGS_IN)
369                 goto out;
370         /* sm_reserved[] must be zero */
371         if (memchr_inv(sm->sm_reserved, 0, sizeof(sm->sm_reserved)))
372                 goto out;
373
374         error = -ENOENT;
375         /* Do we know about this type of metadata? */
376         if (sm->sm_type >= XFS_SCRUB_TYPE_NR)
377                 goto out;
378         ops = &meta_scrub_ops[sm->sm_type];
379         if (ops->setup == NULL || ops->scrub == NULL)
380                 goto out;
381         /* Does this fs even support this type of metadata? */
382         if (ops->has && !ops->has(&mp->m_sb))
383                 goto out;
384
385         error = -EINVAL;
386         /* restricting fields must be appropriate for type */
387         switch (ops->type) {
388         case ST_NONE:
389         case ST_FS:
390                 if (sm->sm_ino || sm->sm_gen || sm->sm_agno)
391                         goto out;
392                 break;
393         case ST_PERAG:
394                 if (sm->sm_ino || sm->sm_gen ||
395                     sm->sm_agno >= mp->m_sb.sb_agcount)
396                         goto out;
397                 break;
398         case ST_INODE:
399                 if (sm->sm_agno || (sm->sm_gen && !sm->sm_ino))
400                         goto out;
401                 break;
402         default:
403                 goto out;
404         }
405
406         /*
407          * We only want to repair read-write v5+ filesystems.  Defer the check
408          * for ops->repair until after our scrub confirms that we need to
409          * perform repairs so that we avoid failing due to not supporting
410          * repairing an object that doesn't need repairs.
411          */
412         if (sm->sm_flags & XFS_SCRUB_IFLAG_REPAIR) {
413                 error = -EOPNOTSUPP;
414                 if (!xfs_sb_version_hascrc(&mp->m_sb))
415                         goto out;
416
417                 error = -EROFS;
418                 if (mp->m_flags & XFS_MOUNT_RDONLY)
419                         goto out;
420         }
421
422         error = 0;
423 out:
424         return error;
425 }
426
427 #ifdef CONFIG_XFS_ONLINE_REPAIR
428 static inline void xchk_postmortem(struct xfs_scrub *sc)
429 {
430         /*
431          * Userspace asked us to repair something, we repaired it, rescanned
432          * it, and the rescan says it's still broken.  Scream about this in
433          * the system logs.
434          */
435         if ((sc->sm->sm_flags & XFS_SCRUB_IFLAG_REPAIR) &&
436             (sc->sm->sm_flags & (XFS_SCRUB_OFLAG_CORRUPT |
437                                  XFS_SCRUB_OFLAG_XCORRUPT)))
438                 xrep_failure(sc->mp);
439 }
440 #else
441 static inline void xchk_postmortem(struct xfs_scrub *sc)
442 {
443         /*
444          * Userspace asked us to scrub something, it's broken, and we have no
445          * way of fixing it.  Scream in the logs.
446          */
447         if (sc->sm->sm_flags & (XFS_SCRUB_OFLAG_CORRUPT |
448                                 XFS_SCRUB_OFLAG_XCORRUPT))
449                 xfs_alert_ratelimited(sc->mp,
450                                 "Corruption detected during scrub.");
451 }
452 #endif /* CONFIG_XFS_ONLINE_REPAIR */
453
454 /* Dispatch metadata scrubbing. */
455 int
456 xfs_scrub_metadata(
457         struct xfs_inode                *ip,
458         struct xfs_scrub_metadata       *sm)
459 {
460         struct xfs_scrub                sc = {
461                 .mp                     = ip->i_mount,
462                 .sm                     = sm,
463                 .sa                     = {
464                         .agno           = NULLAGNUMBER,
465                 },
466         };
467         struct xfs_mount                *mp = ip->i_mount;
468         int                             error = 0;
469
470         BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(meta_scrub_ops) !=
471                 (sizeof(struct xchk_meta_ops) * XFS_SCRUB_TYPE_NR));
472
473         trace_xchk_start(ip, sm, error);
474
475         /* Forbidden if we are shut down or mounted norecovery. */
476         error = -ESHUTDOWN;
477         if (XFS_FORCED_SHUTDOWN(mp))
478                 goto out;
479         error = -ENOTRECOVERABLE;
480         if (mp->m_flags & XFS_MOUNT_NORECOVERY)
481                 goto out;
482
483         error = xchk_validate_inputs(mp, sm);
484         if (error)
485                 goto out;
486
487         xchk_experimental_warning(mp);
488
489         sc.ops = &meta_scrub_ops[sm->sm_type];
490         sc.sick_mask = xchk_health_mask_for_scrub_type(sm->sm_type);
491 retry_op:
492         /* Set up for the operation. */
493         error = sc.ops->setup(&sc, ip);
494         if (error)
495                 goto out_teardown;
496
497         /* Scrub for errors. */
498         error = sc.ops->scrub(&sc);
499         if (!(sc.flags & XCHK_TRY_HARDER) && error == -EDEADLOCK) {
500                 /*
501                  * Scrubbers return -EDEADLOCK to mean 'try harder'.
502                  * Tear down everything we hold, then set up again with
503                  * preparation for worst-case scenarios.
504                  */
505                 error = xchk_teardown(&sc, ip, 0);
506                 if (error)
507                         goto out;
508                 sc.flags |= XCHK_TRY_HARDER;
509                 goto retry_op;
510         } else if (error)
511                 goto out_teardown;
512
513         xchk_update_health(&sc);
514
515         if ((sc.sm->sm_flags & XFS_SCRUB_IFLAG_REPAIR) &&
516             !(sc.flags & XREP_ALREADY_FIXED)) {
517                 bool needs_fix;
518
519                 /* Let debug users force us into the repair routines. */
520                 if (XFS_TEST_ERROR(false, mp, XFS_ERRTAG_FORCE_SCRUB_REPAIR))
521                         sc.sm->sm_flags |= XFS_SCRUB_OFLAG_CORRUPT;
522
523                 needs_fix = (sc.sm->sm_flags & (XFS_SCRUB_OFLAG_CORRUPT |
524                                                 XFS_SCRUB_OFLAG_XCORRUPT |
525                                                 XFS_SCRUB_OFLAG_PREEN));
526                 /*
527                  * If userspace asked for a repair but it wasn't necessary,
528                  * report that back to userspace.
529                  */
530                 if (!needs_fix) {
531                         sc.sm->sm_flags |= XFS_SCRUB_OFLAG_NO_REPAIR_NEEDED;
532                         goto out_nofix;
533                 }
534
535                 /*
536                  * If it's broken, userspace wants us to fix it, and we haven't
537                  * already tried to fix it, then attempt a repair.
538                  */
539                 error = xrep_attempt(ip, &sc);
540                 if (error == -EAGAIN) {
541                         /*
542                          * Either the repair function succeeded or it couldn't
543                          * get all the resources it needs; either way, we go
544                          * back to the beginning and call the scrub function.
545                          */
546                         error = xchk_teardown(&sc, ip, 0);
547                         if (error) {
548                                 xrep_failure(mp);
549                                 goto out;
550                         }
551                         goto retry_op;
552                 }
553         }
554
555 out_nofix:
556         xchk_postmortem(&sc);
557 out_teardown:
558         error = xchk_teardown(&sc, ip, error);
559 out:
560         trace_xchk_done(ip, sm, error);
561         if (error == -EFSCORRUPTED || error == -EFSBADCRC) {
562                 sm->sm_flags |= XFS_SCRUB_OFLAG_CORRUPT;
563                 error = 0;
564         }
565         return error;
566 }