1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
5 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 Linus Torvalds
7 * Swap reorganised 29.12.95,
8 * Asynchronous swapping added 30.12.95. Stephen Tweedie
9 * Removed race in async swapping. 14.4.1996. Bruno Haible
10 * Add swap of shared pages through the page cache. 20.2.1998. Stephen Tweedie
11 * Always use brw_page, life becomes simpler. 12 May 1998 Eric Biederman
15 #include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
16 #include <linux/gfp.h>
17 #include <linux/pagemap.h>
18 #include <linux/swap.h>
19 #include <linux/bio.h>
20 #include <linux/swapops.h>
21 #include <linux/buffer_head.h>
22 #include <linux/writeback.h>
23 #include <linux/frontswap.h>
24 #include <linux/blkdev.h>
25 #include <linux/psi.h>
26 #include <linux/uio.h>
27 #include <linux/sched/task.h>
28 #include <asm/pgtable.h>
30 static struct bio *get_swap_bio(gfp_t gfp_flags,
31 struct page *page, bio_end_io_t end_io)
35 bio = bio_alloc(gfp_flags, 1);
37 struct block_device *bdev;
39 bio->bi_iter.bi_sector = map_swap_page(page, &bdev);
40 bio_set_dev(bio, bdev);
41 bio->bi_iter.bi_sector <<= PAGE_SHIFT - 9;
42 bio->bi_end_io = end_io;
44 bio_add_page(bio, page, PAGE_SIZE * hpage_nr_pages(page), 0);
49 void end_swap_bio_write(struct bio *bio)
51 struct page *page = bio_first_page_all(bio);
56 * We failed to write the page out to swap-space.
57 * Re-dirty the page in order to avoid it being reclaimed.
58 * Also print a dire warning that things will go BAD (tm)
61 * Also clear PG_reclaim to avoid rotate_reclaimable_page()
64 pr_alert("Write-error on swap-device (%u:%u:%llu)\n",
65 MAJOR(bio_dev(bio)), MINOR(bio_dev(bio)),
66 (unsigned long long)bio->bi_iter.bi_sector);
67 ClearPageReclaim(page);
69 end_page_writeback(page);
73 static void swap_slot_free_notify(struct page *page)
75 struct swap_info_struct *sis;
80 * There is no guarantee that the page is in swap cache - the software
81 * suspend code (at least) uses end_swap_bio_read() against a non-
82 * swapcache page. So we must check PG_swapcache before proceeding with
85 if (unlikely(!PageSwapCache(page)))
88 sis = page_swap_info(page);
89 if (!(sis->flags & SWP_BLKDEV))
93 * The swap subsystem performs lazy swap slot freeing,
94 * expecting that the page will be swapped out again.
95 * So we can avoid an unnecessary write if the page
97 * This is good for real swap storage because we can
98 * reduce unnecessary I/O and enhance wear-leveling
99 * if an SSD is used as the as swap device.
100 * But if in-memory swap device (eg zram) is used,
101 * this causes a duplicated copy between uncompressed
102 * data in VM-owned memory and compressed data in
103 * zram-owned memory. So let's free zram-owned memory
104 * and make the VM-owned decompressed page *dirty*,
105 * so the page should be swapped out somewhere again if
106 * we again wish to reclaim it.
108 disk = sis->bdev->bd_disk;
109 entry.val = page_private(page);
110 if (disk->fops->swap_slot_free_notify && __swap_count(entry) == 1) {
111 unsigned long offset;
113 offset = swp_offset(entry);
116 disk->fops->swap_slot_free_notify(sis->bdev,
121 static void end_swap_bio_read(struct bio *bio)
123 struct page *page = bio_first_page_all(bio);
124 struct task_struct *waiter = bio->bi_private;
126 if (bio->bi_status) {
128 ClearPageUptodate(page);
129 pr_alert("Read-error on swap-device (%u:%u:%llu)\n",
130 MAJOR(bio_dev(bio)), MINOR(bio_dev(bio)),
131 (unsigned long long)bio->bi_iter.bi_sector);
135 SetPageUptodate(page);
136 swap_slot_free_notify(page);
139 WRITE_ONCE(bio->bi_private, NULL);
142 blk_wake_io_task(waiter);
143 put_task_struct(waiter);
147 int generic_swapfile_activate(struct swap_info_struct *sis,
148 struct file *swap_file,
151 struct address_space *mapping = swap_file->f_mapping;
152 struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
153 unsigned blocks_per_page;
154 unsigned long page_no;
156 sector_t probe_block;
158 sector_t lowest_block = -1;
159 sector_t highest_block = 0;
163 blkbits = inode->i_blkbits;
164 blocks_per_page = PAGE_SIZE >> blkbits;
167 * Map all the blocks into the extent tree. This code doesn't try
172 last_block = i_size_read(inode) >> blkbits;
173 while ((probe_block + blocks_per_page) <= last_block &&
174 page_no < sis->max) {
175 unsigned block_in_page;
176 sector_t first_block;
180 first_block = bmap(inode, probe_block);
181 if (first_block == 0)
185 * It must be PAGE_SIZE aligned on-disk
187 if (first_block & (blocks_per_page - 1)) {
192 for (block_in_page = 1; block_in_page < blocks_per_page;
196 block = bmap(inode, probe_block + block_in_page);
199 if (block != first_block + block_in_page) {
206 first_block >>= (PAGE_SHIFT - blkbits);
207 if (page_no) { /* exclude the header page */
208 if (first_block < lowest_block)
209 lowest_block = first_block;
210 if (first_block > highest_block)
211 highest_block = first_block;
215 * We found a PAGE_SIZE-length, PAGE_SIZE-aligned run of blocks
217 ret = add_swap_extent(sis, page_no, 1, first_block);
222 probe_block += blocks_per_page;
227 *span = 1 + highest_block - lowest_block;
229 page_no = 1; /* force Empty message */
231 sis->pages = page_no - 1;
232 sis->highest_bit = page_no - 1;
236 pr_err("swapon: swapfile has holes\n");
242 * We may have stale swap cache pages in memory: notice
243 * them here and get rid of the unnecessary final write.
245 int swap_writepage(struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc)
249 if (try_to_free_swap(page)) {
253 if (frontswap_store(page) == 0) {
254 set_page_writeback(page);
256 end_page_writeback(page);
259 ret = __swap_writepage(page, wbc, end_swap_bio_write);
264 static sector_t swap_page_sector(struct page *page)
266 return (sector_t)__page_file_index(page) << (PAGE_SHIFT - 9);
269 static inline void count_swpout_vm_event(struct page *page)
271 #ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
272 if (unlikely(PageTransHuge(page)))
273 count_vm_event(THP_SWPOUT);
275 count_vm_events(PSWPOUT, hpage_nr_pages(page));
278 int __swap_writepage(struct page *page, struct writeback_control *wbc,
279 bio_end_io_t end_write_func)
283 struct swap_info_struct *sis = page_swap_info(page);
285 VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageSwapCache(page), page);
286 if (sis->flags & SWP_FS) {
288 struct file *swap_file = sis->swap_file;
289 struct address_space *mapping = swap_file->f_mapping;
290 struct bio_vec bv = {
295 struct iov_iter from;
297 iov_iter_bvec(&from, WRITE, &bv, 1, PAGE_SIZE);
298 init_sync_kiocb(&kiocb, swap_file);
299 kiocb.ki_pos = page_file_offset(page);
301 set_page_writeback(page);
303 ret = mapping->a_ops->direct_IO(&kiocb, &from);
304 if (ret == PAGE_SIZE) {
305 count_vm_event(PSWPOUT);
309 * In the case of swap-over-nfs, this can be a
310 * temporary failure if the system has limited
311 * memory for allocating transmit buffers.
312 * Mark the page dirty and avoid
313 * rotate_reclaimable_page but rate-limit the
314 * messages but do not flag PageError like
315 * the normal direct-to-bio case as it could
318 set_page_dirty(page);
319 ClearPageReclaim(page);
320 pr_err_ratelimited("Write error on dio swapfile (%llu)\n",
321 page_file_offset(page));
323 end_page_writeback(page);
327 ret = bdev_write_page(sis->bdev, swap_page_sector(page), page, wbc);
329 count_swpout_vm_event(page);
334 bio = get_swap_bio(GFP_NOIO, page, end_write_func);
336 set_page_dirty(page);
341 bio->bi_opf = REQ_OP_WRITE | REQ_SWAP | wbc_to_write_flags(wbc);
342 bio_associate_blkg_from_page(bio, page);
343 count_swpout_vm_event(page);
344 set_page_writeback(page);
351 int swap_readpage(struct page *page, bool synchronous)
355 struct swap_info_struct *sis = page_swap_info(page);
357 struct gendisk *disk;
358 unsigned long pflags;
360 VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageSwapCache(page) && !synchronous, page);
361 VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageLocked(page), page);
362 VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(PageUptodate(page), page);
365 * Count submission time as memory stall. When the device is congested,
366 * or the submitting cgroup IO-throttled, submission can be a
367 * significant part of overall IO time.
369 psi_memstall_enter(&pflags);
371 if (frontswap_load(page) == 0) {
372 SetPageUptodate(page);
377 if (sis->flags & SWP_FS) {
378 struct file *swap_file = sis->swap_file;
379 struct address_space *mapping = swap_file->f_mapping;
381 ret = mapping->a_ops->readpage(swap_file, page);
383 count_vm_event(PSWPIN);
387 ret = bdev_read_page(sis->bdev, swap_page_sector(page), page);
389 if (trylock_page(page)) {
390 swap_slot_free_notify(page);
394 count_vm_event(PSWPIN);
399 bio = get_swap_bio(GFP_KERNEL, page, end_swap_bio_read);
407 * Keep this task valid during swap readpage because the oom killer may
408 * attempt to access it in the page fault retry time check.
410 bio_set_op_attrs(bio, REQ_OP_READ, 0);
412 bio->bi_opf |= REQ_HIPRI;
413 get_task_struct(current);
414 bio->bi_private = current;
416 count_vm_event(PSWPIN);
418 qc = submit_bio(bio);
419 while (synchronous) {
420 set_current_state(TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
421 if (!READ_ONCE(bio->bi_private))
424 if (!blk_poll(disk->queue, qc, true))
427 __set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
431 psi_memstall_leave(&pflags);
435 int swap_set_page_dirty(struct page *page)
437 struct swap_info_struct *sis = page_swap_info(page);
439 if (sis->flags & SWP_FS) {
440 struct address_space *mapping = sis->swap_file->f_mapping;
442 VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageSwapCache(page), page);
443 return mapping->a_ops->set_page_dirty(page);
445 return __set_page_dirty_no_writeback(page);