mm/swap_state.c

   1 /*
   2  *  linux/mm/swap_state.c
   3  *
   4  *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994  Linus Torvalds
   5  *  Swap reorganised 29.12.95, Stephen Tweedie
   6  *
   7  *  Rewritten to use page cache, (C) 1998 Stephen Tweedie
   8  */
   9 #include <linux/mm.h>
  10 #include <linux/gfp.h>
  11 #include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
  12 #include <linux/swap.h>
  13 #include <linux/swapops.h>
  14 #include <linux/init.h>
  15 #include <linux/pagemap.h>
  16 #include <linux/backing-dev.h>
  17 #include <linux/blkdev.h>
  18 #include <linux/pagevec.h>
  19 #include <linux/migrate.h>
  20 #include <linux/vmalloc.h>
  21 #include <linux/swap_slots.h>
  22 #include <linux/huge_mm.h>
  23
  24 #include <asm/pgtable.h>
  25
  26 /*
  27  * swapper_space is a fiction, retained to simplify the path through
  28  * vmscan's shrink_page_list.
  29  */
  30 static const struct address_space_operations swap_aops = {
  31         .writepage      = swap_writepage,
  32         .set_page_dirty = swap_set_page_dirty,
  33 #ifdef CONFIG_MIGRATION
  34         .migratepage    = migrate_page,
  35 #endif
  36 };
  37
  38 struct address_space *swapper_spaces[MAX_SWAPFILES];
  39 static unsigned int nr_swapper_spaces[MAX_SWAPFILES];
  40
  41 #define INC_CACHE_INFO(x)       do { swap_cache_info.x++; } while (0)
  42 #define ADD_CACHE_INFO(x, nr)   do { swap_cache_info.x += (nr); } while (0)
  43
  44 static struct {
  45         unsigned long add_total;
  46         unsigned long del_total;
  47         unsigned long find_success;
  48         unsigned long find_total;
  49 } swap_cache_info;
  50
  51 unsigned long total_swapcache_pages(void)
  52 {
  53         unsigned int i, j, nr;
  54         unsigned long ret = 0;
  55         struct address_space *spaces;
  56
  57         rcu_read_lock();
  58         for (i = 0; i < MAX_SWAPFILES; i++) {
  59                 /*
  60                  * The corresponding entries in nr_swapper_spaces and
  61                  * swapper_spaces will be reused only after at least
  62                  * one grace period.  So it is impossible for them
  63                  * belongs to different usage.
  64                  */
  65                 nr = nr_swapper_spaces[i];
  66                 spaces = rcu_dereference(swapper_spaces[i]);
  67                 if (!nr || !spaces)
  68                         continue;
  69                 for (j = 0; j < nr; j++)
  70                         ret += spaces[j].nrpages;
  71         }
  72         rcu_read_unlock();
  73         return ret;
  74 }
  75
  76 static atomic_t swapin_readahead_hits = ATOMIC_INIT(4);
  77
  78 void show_swap_cache_info(void)
  79 {
  80         printk("%lu pages in swap cache\n", total_swapcache_pages());
  81         printk("Swap cache stats: add %lu, delete %lu, find %lu/%lu\n",
  82                 swap_cache_info.add_total, swap_cache_info.del_total,
  83                 swap_cache_info.find_success, swap_cache_info.find_total);
  84         printk("Free swap  = %ldkB\n",
  85                 get_nr_swap_pages() << (PAGE_SHIFT - 10));
  86         printk("Total swap = %lukB\n", total_swap_pages << (PAGE_SHIFT - 10));
  87 }
  88
  89 /*
  90  * __add_to_swap_cache resembles add_to_page_cache_locked on swapper_space,
  91  * but sets SwapCache flag and private instead of mapping and index.
  92  */
  93 int __add_to_swap_cache(struct page *page, swp_entry_t entry)
  94 {
  95         int error, i, nr = hpage_nr_pages(page);
  96         struct address_space *address_space;
  97         pgoff_t idx = swp_offset(entry);
  98
  99         VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageLocked(page), page);
 100         VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(PageSwapCache(page), page);
 101         VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageSwapBacked(page), page);
 102
 103         page_ref_add(page, nr);
 104         SetPageSwapCache(page);
 105
 106         address_space = swap_address_space(entry);
 107         spin_lock_irq(&address_space->tree_lock);
 108         for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
 109                 set_page_private(page + i, entry.val + i);
 110                 error = radix_tree_insert(&address_space->page_tree,
 111                                           idx + i, page + i);
 112                 if (unlikely(error))
 113                         break;
 114         }
 115         if (likely(!error)) {
 116                 address_space->nrpages += nr;
 117                 __mod_node_page_state(page_pgdat(page), NR_FILE_PAGES, nr);
 118                 ADD_CACHE_INFO(add_total, nr);
 119         } else {
 120                 /*
 121                  * Only the context which have set SWAP_HAS_CACHE flag
 122                  * would call add_to_swap_cache().
 123                  * So add_to_swap_cache() doesn't returns -EEXIST.
 124                  */
 125                 VM_BUG_ON(error == -EEXIST);
 126                 set_page_private(page + i, 0UL);
 127                 while (i--) {
 128                         radix_tree_delete(&address_space->page_tree, idx + i);
 129                         set_page_private(page + i, 0UL);
 130                 }
 131                 ClearPageSwapCache(page);
 132                 page_ref_sub(page, nr);
 133         }
 134         spin_unlock_irq(&address_space->tree_lock);
 135
 136         return error;
 137 }
 138
 139
 140 int add_to_swap_cache(struct page *page, swp_entry_t entry, gfp_t gfp_mask)
 141 {
 142         int error;
 143
 144         error = radix_tree_maybe_preload_order(gfp_mask, compound_order(page));
 145         if (!error) {
 146                 error = __add_to_swap_cache(page, entry);
 147                 radix_tree_preload_end();
 148         }
 149         return error;
 150 }
 151
 152 /*
 153  * This must be called only on pages that have
 154  * been verified to be in the swap cache.
 155  */
 156 void __delete_from_swap_cache(struct page *page)
 157 {
 158         struct address_space *address_space;
 159         int i, nr = hpage_nr_pages(page);
 160         swp_entry_t entry;
 161         pgoff_t idx;
 162
 163         VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageLocked(page), page);
 164         VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageSwapCache(page), page);
 165         VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(PageWriteback(page), page);
 166
 167         entry.val = page_private(page);
 168         address_space = swap_address_space(entry);
 169         idx = swp_offset(entry);
 170         for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
 171                 radix_tree_delete(&address_space->page_tree, idx + i);
 172                 set_page_private(page + i, 0);
 173         }
 174         ClearPageSwapCache(page);
 175         address_space->nrpages -= nr;
 176         __mod_node_page_state(page_pgdat(page), NR_FILE_PAGES, -nr);
 177         ADD_CACHE_INFO(del_total, nr);
 178 }
 179
 180 /**
 181  * add_to_swap - allocate swap space for a page
 182  * @page: page we want to move to swap
 183  *
 184  * Allocate swap space for the page and add the page to the
 185  * swap cache.  Caller needs to hold the page lock.
 186  */
 187 int add_to_swap(struct page *page, struct list_head *list)
 188 {
 189         swp_entry_t entry;
 190         int err;
 191
 192         VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageLocked(page), page);
 193         VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageUptodate(page), page);
 194
 195 retry:
 196         entry = get_swap_page(page);
 197         if (!entry.val)
 198                 goto fail;
 199         if (mem_cgroup_try_charge_swap(page, entry))
 200                 goto fail_free;
 201
 202         /*
 203          * Radix-tree node allocations from PF_MEMALLOC contexts could
 204          * completely exhaust the page allocator. __GFP_NOMEMALLOC
 205          * stops emergency reserves from being allocated.
 206          *
 207          * TODO: this could cause a theoretical memory reclaim
 208          * deadlock in the swap out path.
 209          */
 210         /*
 211          * Add it to the swap cache.
 212          */
 213         err = add_to_swap_cache(page, entry,
 214                         __GFP_HIGH|__GFP_NOMEMALLOC|__GFP_NOWARN);
 215         /* -ENOMEM radix-tree allocation failure */
 216         if (err)
 217                 /*
 218                  * add_to_swap_cache() doesn't return -EEXIST, so we can safely
 219                  * clear SWAP_HAS_CACHE flag.
 220                  */
 221                 goto fail_free;
 222
 223         if (PageTransHuge(page)) {
 224                 err = split_huge_page_to_list(page, list);
 225                 if (err) {
 226                         delete_from_swap_cache(page);
 227                         return 0;
 228                 }
 229         }
 230
 231         return 1;
 232
 233 fail_free:
 234         if (PageTransHuge(page))
 235                 swapcache_free_cluster(entry);
 236         else
 237                 swapcache_free(entry);
 238 fail:
 239         if (PageTransHuge(page) && !split_huge_page_to_list(page, list))
 240                 goto retry;
 241         return 0;
 242 }
 243
 244 /*
 245  * This must be called only on pages that have
 246  * been verified to be in the swap cache and locked.
 247  * It will never put the page into the free list,
 248  * the caller has a reference on the page.
 249  */
 250 void delete_from_swap_cache(struct page *page)
 251 {
 252         swp_entry_t entry;
 253         struct address_space *address_space;
 254
 255         entry.val = page_private(page);
 256
 257         address_space = swap_address_space(entry);
 258         spin_lock_irq(&address_space->tree_lock);
 259         __delete_from_swap_cache(page);
 260         spin_unlock_irq(&address_space->tree_lock);
 261
 262         if (PageTransHuge(page))
 263                 swapcache_free_cluster(entry);
 264         else
 265                 swapcache_free(entry);
 266
 267         page_ref_sub(page, hpage_nr_pages(page));
 268 }
 269
 270 /*
 271  * If we are the only user, then try to free up the swap cache.
 272  *
 273  * Its ok to check for PageSwapCache without the page lock
 274  * here because we are going to recheck again inside
 275  * try_to_free_swap() _with_ the lock.
 276  *                                      - Marcelo
 277  */
 278 static inline void free_swap_cache(struct page *page)
 279 {
 280         if (PageSwapCache(page) && !page_mapped(page) && trylock_page(page)) {
 281                 try_to_free_swap(page);
 282                 unlock_page(page);
 283         }
 284 }
 285
 286 /*
 287  * Perform a free_page(), also freeing any swap cache associated with
 288  * this page if it is the last user of the page.
 289  */
 290 void free_page_and_swap_cache(struct page *page)
 291 {
 292         free_swap_cache(page);
 293         if (!is_huge_zero_page(page))
 294                 put_page(page);
 295 }
 296
 297 /*
 298  * Passed an array of pages, drop them all from swapcache and then release
 299  * them.  They are removed from the LRU and freed if this is their last use.
 300  */
 301 void free_pages_and_swap_cache(struct page **pages, int nr)
 302 {
 303         struct page **pagep = pages;
 304         int i;
 305
 306         lru_add_drain();
 307         for (i = 0; i < nr; i++)
 308                 free_swap_cache(pagep[i]);
 309         release_pages(pagep, nr, false);
 310 }
 311
 312 /*
 313  * Lookup a swap entry in the swap cache. A found page will be returned
 314  * unlocked and with its refcount incremented - we rely on the kernel
 315  * lock getting page table operations atomic even if we drop the page
 316  * lock before returning.
 317  */
 318 struct page * lookup_swap_cache(swp_entry_t entry)
 319 {
 320         struct page *page;
 321
 322         page = find_get_page(swap_address_space(entry), swp_offset(entry));
 323
 324         if (page && likely(!PageTransCompound(page))) {
 325                 INC_CACHE_INFO(find_success);
 326                 if (TestClearPageReadahead(page))
 327                         atomic_inc(&swapin_readahead_hits);
 328         }
 329
 330         INC_CACHE_INFO(find_total);
 331         return page;
 332 }
 333
 334 struct page *__read_swap_cache_async(swp_entry_t entry, gfp_t gfp_mask,
 335                         struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
 336                         bool *new_page_allocated)
 337 {
 338         struct page *found_page, *new_page = NULL;
 339         struct address_space *swapper_space = swap_address_space(entry);
 340         int err;
 341         *new_page_allocated = false;
 342
 343         do {
 344                 /*
 345                  * First check the swap cache.  Since this is normally
 346                  * called after lookup_swap_cache() failed, re-calling
 347                  * that would confuse statistics.
 348                  */
 349                 found_page = find_get_page(swapper_space, swp_offset(entry));
 350                 if (found_page)
 351                         break;
 352
 353                 /*
 354                  * Just skip read ahead for unused swap slot.
 355                  * During swap_off when swap_slot_cache is disabled,
 356                  * we have to handle the race between putting
 357                  * swap entry in swap cache and marking swap slot
 358                  * as SWAP_HAS_CACHE.  That's done in later part of code or
 359                  * else swap_off will be aborted if we return NULL.
 360                  */
 361                 if (!__swp_swapcount(entry) && swap_slot_cache_enabled)
 362                         break;
 363
 364                 /*
 365                  * Get a new page to read into from swap.
 366                  */
 367                 if (!new_page) {
 368                         new_page = alloc_page_vma(gfp_mask, vma, addr);
 369                         if (!new_page)
 370                                 break;          /* Out of memory */
 371                 }
 372
 373                 /*
 374                  * call radix_tree_preload() while we can wait.
 375                  */
 376                 err = radix_tree_maybe_preload(gfp_mask & GFP_KERNEL);
 377                 if (err)
 378                         break;
 379
 380                 /*
 381                  * Swap entry may have been freed since our caller observed it.
 382                  */
 383                 err = swapcache_prepare(entry);
 384                 if (err == -EEXIST) {
 385                         radix_tree_preload_end();
 386                         /*
 387                          * We might race against get_swap_page() and stumble
 388                          * across a SWAP_HAS_CACHE swap_map entry whose page
 389                          * has not been brought into the swapcache yet.
 390                          */
 391                         cond_resched();
 392                         continue;
 393                 }
 394                 if (err) {              /* swp entry is obsolete ? */
 395                         radix_tree_preload_end();
 396                         break;
 397                 }
 398
 399                 /* May fail (-ENOMEM) if radix-tree node allocation failed. */
 400                 __SetPageLocked(new_page);
 401                 __SetPageSwapBacked(new_page);
 402                 err = __add_to_swap_cache(new_page, entry);
 403                 if (likely(!err)) {
 404                         radix_tree_preload_end();
 405                         /*
 406                          * Initiate read into locked page and return.
 407                          */
 408                         lru_cache_add_anon(new_page);
 409                         *new_page_allocated = true;
 410                         return new_page;
 411                 }
 412                 radix_tree_preload_end();
 413                 __ClearPageLocked(new_page);
 414                 /*
 415                  * add_to_swap_cache() doesn't return -EEXIST, so we can safely
 416                  * clear SWAP_HAS_CACHE flag.
 417                  */
 418                 swapcache_free(entry);
 419         } while (err != -ENOMEM);
 420
 421         if (new_page)
 422                 put_page(new_page);
 423         return found_page;
 424 }
 425
 426 /*
 427  * Locate a page of swap in physical memory, reserving swap cache space
 428  * and reading the disk if it is not already cached.
 429  * A failure return means that either the page allocation failed or that
 430  * the swap entry is no longer in use.
 431  */
 432 struct page *read_swap_cache_async(swp_entry_t entry, gfp_t gfp_mask,
 433                         struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr)
 434 {
 435         bool page_was_allocated;
 436         struct page *retpage = __read_swap_cache_async(entry, gfp_mask,
 437                         vma, addr, &page_was_allocated);
 438
 439         if (page_was_allocated)
 440                 swap_readpage(retpage);
 441
 442         return retpage;
 443 }
 444
 445 static unsigned long swapin_nr_pages(unsigned long offset)
 446 {
 447         static unsigned long prev_offset;
 448         unsigned int pages, max_pages, last_ra;
 449         static atomic_t last_readahead_pages;
 450
 451         max_pages = 1 << READ_ONCE(page_cluster);
 452         if (max_pages <= 1)
 453                 return 1;
 454
 455         /*
 456          * This heuristic has been found to work well on both sequential and
 457          * random loads, swapping to hard disk or to SSD: please don't ask
 458          * what the "+ 2" means, it just happens to work well, that's all.
 459          */
 460         pages = atomic_xchg(&swapin_readahead_hits, 0) + 2;
 461         if (pages == 2) {
 462                 /*
 463                  * We can have no readahead hits to judge by: but must not get
 464                  * stuck here forever, so check for an adjacent offset instead
 465                  * (and don't even bother to check whether swap type is same).
 466                  */
 467                 if (offset != prev_offset + 1 && offset != prev_offset - 1)
 468                         pages = 1;
 469                 prev_offset = offset;
 470         } else {
 471                 unsigned int roundup = 4;
 472                 while (roundup < pages)
 473                         roundup <<= 1;
 474                 pages = roundup;
 475         }
 476
 477         if (pages > max_pages)
 478                 pages = max_pages;
 479
 480         /* Don't shrink readahead too fast */
 481         last_ra = atomic_read(&last_readahead_pages) / 2;
 482         if (pages < last_ra)
 483                 pages = last_ra;
 484         atomic_set(&last_readahead_pages, pages);
 485
 486         return pages;
 487 }
 488
 489 /**
 490  * swapin_readahead - swap in pages in hope we need them soon
 491  * @entry: swap entry of this memory
 492  * @gfp_mask: memory allocation flags
 493  * @vma: user vma this address belongs to
 494  * @addr: target address for mempolicy
 495  *
 496  * Returns the struct page for entry and addr, after queueing swapin.
 497  *
 498  * Primitive swap readahead code. We simply read an aligned block of
 499  * (1 << page_cluster) entries in the swap area. This method is chosen
 500  * because it doesn't cost us any seek time.  We also make sure to queue
 501  * the 'original' request together with the readahead ones...
 502  *
 503  * This has been extended to use the NUMA policies from the mm triggering
 504  * the readahead.
 505  *
 506  * Caller must hold down_read on the vma->vm_mm if vma is not NULL.
 507  */
 508 struct page *swapin_readahead(swp_entry_t entry, gfp_t gfp_mask,
 509                         struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr)
 510 {
 511         struct page *page;
 512         unsigned long entry_offset = swp_offset(entry);
 513         unsigned long offset = entry_offset;
 514         unsigned long start_offset, end_offset;
 515         unsigned long mask;
 516         struct blk_plug plug;
 517
 518         mask = swapin_nr_pages(offset) - 1;
 519         if (!mask)
 520                 goto skip;
 521
 522         /* Read a page_cluster sized and aligned cluster around offset. */
 523         start_offset = offset & ~mask;
 524         end_offset = offset | mask;
 525         if (!start_offset)      /* First page is swap header. */
 526                 start_offset++;
 527
 528         blk_start_plug(&plug);
 529         for (offset = start_offset; offset <= end_offset ; offset++) {
 530                 /* Ok, do the async read-ahead now */
 531                 page = read_swap_cache_async(swp_entry(swp_type(entry), offset),
 532                                                 gfp_mask, vma, addr);
 533                 if (!page)
 534                         continue;
 535                 if (offset != entry_offset && likely(!PageTransCompound(page)))
 536                         SetPageReadahead(page);
 537                 put_page(page);
 538         }
 539         blk_finish_plug(&plug);
 540
 541         lru_add_drain();        /* Push any new pages onto the LRU now */
 542 skip:
 543         return read_swap_cache_async(entry, gfp_mask, vma, addr);
 544 }
 545
 546 int init_swap_address_space(unsigned int type, unsigned long nr_pages)
 547 {
 548         struct address_space *spaces, *space;
 549         unsigned int i, nr;
 550
 551         nr = DIV_ROUND_UP(nr_pages, SWAP_ADDRESS_SPACE_PAGES);
 552         spaces = kvzalloc(sizeof(struct address_space) * nr, GFP_KERNEL);
 553         if (!spaces)
 554                 return -ENOMEM;
 555         for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
 556                 space = spaces + i;
 557                 INIT_RADIX_TREE(&space->page_tree, GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN);
 558                 atomic_set(&space->i_mmap_writable, 0);
 559                 space->a_ops = &swap_aops;
 560                 /* swap cache doesn't use writeback related tags */
 561                 mapping_set_no_writeback_tags(space);
 562                 spin_lock_init(&space->tree_lock);
 563         }
 564         nr_swapper_spaces[type] = nr;
 565         rcu_assign_pointer(swapper_spaces[type], spaces);
 566
 567         return 0;
 568 }
 569
 570 void exit_swap_address_space(unsigned int type)
 571 {
 572         struct address_space *spaces;
 573
 574         spaces = swapper_spaces[type];
 575         nr_swapper_spaces[type] = 0;
 576         rcu_assign_pointer(swapper_spaces[type], NULL);
 577         synchronize_rcu();
 578         kvfree(spaces);
 579 }