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[linux.git] / samples / bpf / bpf_load.c
1 #include <stdio.h>
2 #include <sys/types.h>
3 #include <sys/stat.h>
4 #include <fcntl.h>
5 #include <libelf.h>
6 #include <gelf.h>
7 #include <errno.h>
8 #include <unistd.h>
9 #include <string.h>
10 #include <stdbool.h>
11 #include <stdlib.h>
12 #include <linux/bpf.h>
13 #include <linux/filter.h>
14 #include <linux/perf_event.h>
15 #include <linux/netlink.h>
16 #include <linux/rtnetlink.h>
17 #include <sys/types.h>
18 #include <sys/socket.h>
19 #include <sys/syscall.h>
20 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
21 #include <sys/mman.h>
22 #include <poll.h>
23 #include <ctype.h>
24 #include "libbpf.h"
25 #include "bpf_load.h"
26 #include "perf-sys.h"
27
28 #define DEBUGFS "/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/"
29
30 static char license[128];
31 static int kern_version;
32 static bool processed_sec[128];
33 char bpf_log_buf[BPF_LOG_BUF_SIZE];
34 int map_fd[MAX_MAPS];
35 int prog_fd[MAX_PROGS];
36 int event_fd[MAX_PROGS];
37 int prog_cnt;
38 int prog_array_fd = -1;
39
40 struct bpf_map_def {
41         unsigned int type;
42         unsigned int key_size;
43         unsigned int value_size;
44         unsigned int max_entries;
45         unsigned int map_flags;
46 };
47
48 static int populate_prog_array(const char *event, int prog_fd)
49 {
50         int ind = atoi(event), err;
51
52         err = bpf_map_update_elem(prog_array_fd, &ind, &prog_fd, BPF_ANY);
53         if (err < 0) {
54                 printf("failed to store prog_fd in prog_array\n");
55                 return -1;
56         }
57         return 0;
58 }
59
60 static int load_and_attach(const char *event, struct bpf_insn *prog, int size)
61 {
62         bool is_socket = strncmp(event, "socket", 6) == 0;
63         bool is_kprobe = strncmp(event, "kprobe/", 7) == 0;
64         bool is_kretprobe = strncmp(event, "kretprobe/", 10) == 0;
65         bool is_tracepoint = strncmp(event, "tracepoint/", 11) == 0;
66         bool is_xdp = strncmp(event, "xdp", 3) == 0;
67         bool is_perf_event = strncmp(event, "perf_event", 10) == 0;
68         bool is_cgroup_skb = strncmp(event, "cgroup/skb", 10) == 0;
69         bool is_cgroup_sk = strncmp(event, "cgroup/sock", 11) == 0;
70         size_t insns_cnt = size / sizeof(struct bpf_insn);
71         enum bpf_prog_type prog_type;
72         char buf[256];
73         int fd, efd, err, id;
74         struct perf_event_attr attr = {};
75
76         attr.type = PERF_TYPE_TRACEPOINT;
77         attr.sample_type = PERF_SAMPLE_RAW;
78         attr.sample_period = 1;
79         attr.wakeup_events = 1;
80
81         if (is_socket) {
82                 prog_type = BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCKET_FILTER;
83         } else if (is_kprobe || is_kretprobe) {
84                 prog_type = BPF_PROG_TYPE_KPROBE;
85         } else if (is_tracepoint) {
86                 prog_type = BPF_PROG_TYPE_TRACEPOINT;
87         } else if (is_xdp) {
88                 prog_type = BPF_PROG_TYPE_XDP;
89         } else if (is_perf_event) {
90                 prog_type = BPF_PROG_TYPE_PERF_EVENT;
91         } else if (is_cgroup_skb) {
92                 prog_type = BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SKB;
93         } else if (is_cgroup_sk) {
94                 prog_type = BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK;
95         } else {
96                 printf("Unknown event '%s'\n", event);
97                 return -1;
98         }
99
100         fd = bpf_load_program(prog_type, prog, insns_cnt, license, kern_version,
101                               bpf_log_buf, BPF_LOG_BUF_SIZE);
102         if (fd < 0) {
103                 printf("bpf_load_program() err=%d\n%s", errno, bpf_log_buf);
104                 return -1;
105         }
106
107         prog_fd[prog_cnt++] = fd;
108
109         if (is_xdp || is_perf_event || is_cgroup_skb || is_cgroup_sk)
110                 return 0;
111
112         if (is_socket) {
113                 event += 6;
114                 if (*event != '/')
115                         return 0;
116                 event++;
117                 if (!isdigit(*event)) {
118                         printf("invalid prog number\n");
119                         return -1;
120                 }
121                 return populate_prog_array(event, fd);
122         }
123
124         if (is_kprobe || is_kretprobe) {
125                 if (is_kprobe)
126                         event += 7;
127                 else
128                         event += 10;
129
130                 if (*event == 0) {
131                         printf("event name cannot be empty\n");
132                         return -1;
133                 }
134
135                 if (isdigit(*event))
136                         return populate_prog_array(event, fd);
137
138                 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
139                          "echo '%c:%s %s' >> /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/kprobe_events",
140                          is_kprobe ? 'p' : 'r', event, event);
141                 err = system(buf);
142                 if (err < 0) {
143                         printf("failed to create kprobe '%s' error '%s'\n",
144                                event, strerror(errno));
145                         return -1;
146                 }
147
148                 strcpy(buf, DEBUGFS);
149                 strcat(buf, "events/kprobes/");
150                 strcat(buf, event);
151                 strcat(buf, "/id");
152         } else if (is_tracepoint) {
153                 event += 11;
154
155                 if (*event == 0) {
156                         printf("event name cannot be empty\n");
157                         return -1;
158                 }
159                 strcpy(buf, DEBUGFS);
160                 strcat(buf, "events/");
161                 strcat(buf, event);
162                 strcat(buf, "/id");
163         }
164
165         efd = open(buf, O_RDONLY, 0);
166         if (efd < 0) {
167                 printf("failed to open event %s\n", event);
168                 return -1;
169         }
170
171         err = read(efd, buf, sizeof(buf));
172         if (err < 0 || err >= sizeof(buf)) {
173                 printf("read from '%s' failed '%s'\n", event, strerror(errno));
174                 return -1;
175         }
176
177         close(efd);
178
179         buf[err] = 0;
180         id = atoi(buf);
181         attr.config = id;
182
183         efd = sys_perf_event_open(&attr, -1/*pid*/, 0/*cpu*/, -1/*group_fd*/, 0);
184         if (efd < 0) {
185                 printf("event %d fd %d err %s\n", id, efd, strerror(errno));
186                 return -1;
187         }
188         event_fd[prog_cnt - 1] = efd;
189         ioctl(efd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_ENABLE, 0);
190         ioctl(efd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_BPF, fd);
191
192         return 0;
193 }
194
195 static int load_maps(struct bpf_map_def *maps, int len)
196 {
197         int i;
198
199         for (i = 0; i < len / sizeof(struct bpf_map_def); i++) {
200
201                 map_fd[i] = bpf_create_map(maps[i].type,
202                                            maps[i].key_size,
203                                            maps[i].value_size,
204                                            maps[i].max_entries,
205                                            maps[i].map_flags);
206                 if (map_fd[i] < 0) {
207                         printf("failed to create a map: %d %s\n",
208                                errno, strerror(errno));
209                         return 1;
210                 }
211
212                 if (maps[i].type == BPF_MAP_TYPE_PROG_ARRAY)
213                         prog_array_fd = map_fd[i];
214         }
215         return 0;
216 }
217
218 static int get_sec(Elf *elf, int i, GElf_Ehdr *ehdr, char **shname,
219                    GElf_Shdr *shdr, Elf_Data **data)
220 {
221         Elf_Scn *scn;
222
223         scn = elf_getscn(elf, i);
224         if (!scn)
225                 return 1;
226
227         if (gelf_getshdr(scn, shdr) != shdr)
228                 return 2;
229
230         *shname = elf_strptr(elf, ehdr->e_shstrndx, shdr->sh_name);
231         if (!*shname || !shdr->sh_size)
232                 return 3;
233
234         *data = elf_getdata(scn, 0);
235         if (!*data || elf_getdata(scn, *data) != NULL)
236                 return 4;
237
238         return 0;
239 }
240
241 static int parse_relo_and_apply(Elf_Data *data, Elf_Data *symbols,
242                                 GElf_Shdr *shdr, struct bpf_insn *insn)
243 {
244         int i, nrels;
245
246         nrels = shdr->sh_size / shdr->sh_entsize;
247
248         for (i = 0; i < nrels; i++) {
249                 GElf_Sym sym;
250                 GElf_Rel rel;
251                 unsigned int insn_idx;
252
253                 gelf_getrel(data, i, &rel);
254
255                 insn_idx = rel.r_offset / sizeof(struct bpf_insn);
256
257                 gelf_getsym(symbols, GELF_R_SYM(rel.r_info), &sym);
258
259                 if (insn[insn_idx].code != (BPF_LD | BPF_IMM | BPF_DW)) {
260                         printf("invalid relo for insn[%d].code 0x%x\n",
261                                insn_idx, insn[insn_idx].code);
262                         return 1;
263                 }
264                 insn[insn_idx].src_reg = BPF_PSEUDO_MAP_FD;
265                 insn[insn_idx].imm = map_fd[sym.st_value / sizeof(struct bpf_map_def)];
266         }
267
268         return 0;
269 }
270
271 int load_bpf_file(char *path)
272 {
273         int fd, i;
274         Elf *elf;
275         GElf_Ehdr ehdr;
276         GElf_Shdr shdr, shdr_prog;
277         Elf_Data *data, *data_prog, *symbols = NULL;
278         char *shname, *shname_prog;
279
280         /* reset global variables */
281         kern_version = 0;
282         memset(license, 0, sizeof(license));
283         memset(processed_sec, 0, sizeof(processed_sec));
284
285         if (elf_version(EV_CURRENT) == EV_NONE)
286                 return 1;
287
288         fd = open(path, O_RDONLY, 0);
289         if (fd < 0)
290                 return 1;
291
292         elf = elf_begin(fd, ELF_C_READ, NULL);
293
294         if (!elf)
295                 return 1;
296
297         if (gelf_getehdr(elf, &ehdr) != &ehdr)
298                 return 1;
299
300         /* clear all kprobes */
301         i = system("echo \"\" > /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/kprobe_events");
302
303         /* scan over all elf sections to get license and map info */
304         for (i = 1; i < ehdr.e_shnum; i++) {
305
306                 if (get_sec(elf, i, &ehdr, &shname, &shdr, &data))
307                         continue;
308
309                 if (0) /* helpful for llvm debugging */
310                         printf("section %d:%s data %p size %zd link %d flags %d\n",
311                                i, shname, data->d_buf, data->d_size,
312                                shdr.sh_link, (int) shdr.sh_flags);
313
314                 if (strcmp(shname, "license") == 0) {
315                         processed_sec[i] = true;
316                         memcpy(license, data->d_buf, data->d_size);
317                 } else if (strcmp(shname, "version") == 0) {
318                         processed_sec[i] = true;
319                         if (data->d_size != sizeof(int)) {
320                                 printf("invalid size of version section %zd\n",
321                                        data->d_size);
322                                 return 1;
323                         }
324                         memcpy(&kern_version, data->d_buf, sizeof(int));
325                 } else if (strcmp(shname, "maps") == 0) {
326                         processed_sec[i] = true;
327                         if (load_maps(data->d_buf, data->d_size))
328                                 return 1;
329                 } else if (shdr.sh_type == SHT_SYMTAB) {
330                         symbols = data;
331                 }
332         }
333
334         /* load programs that need map fixup (relocations) */
335         for (i = 1; i < ehdr.e_shnum; i++) {
336                 if (processed_sec[i])
337                         continue;
338
339                 if (get_sec(elf, i, &ehdr, &shname, &shdr, &data))
340                         continue;
341                 if (shdr.sh_type == SHT_REL) {
342                         struct bpf_insn *insns;
343
344                         if (get_sec(elf, shdr.sh_info, &ehdr, &shname_prog,
345                                     &shdr_prog, &data_prog))
346                                 continue;
347
348                         if (shdr_prog.sh_type != SHT_PROGBITS ||
349                             !(shdr_prog.sh_flags & SHF_EXECINSTR))
350                                 continue;
351
352                         insns = (struct bpf_insn *) data_prog->d_buf;
353
354                         processed_sec[shdr.sh_info] = true;
355                         processed_sec[i] = true;
356
357                         if (parse_relo_and_apply(data, symbols, &shdr, insns))
358                                 continue;
359
360                         if (memcmp(shname_prog, "kprobe/", 7) == 0 ||
361                             memcmp(shname_prog, "kretprobe/", 10) == 0 ||
362                             memcmp(shname_prog, "tracepoint/", 11) == 0 ||
363                             memcmp(shname_prog, "xdp", 3) == 0 ||
364                             memcmp(shname_prog, "perf_event", 10) == 0 ||
365                             memcmp(shname_prog, "socket", 6) == 0 ||
366                             memcmp(shname_prog, "cgroup/", 7) == 0)
367                                 load_and_attach(shname_prog, insns, data_prog->d_size);
368                 }
369         }
370
371         /* load programs that don't use maps */
372         for (i = 1; i < ehdr.e_shnum; i++) {
373
374                 if (processed_sec[i])
375                         continue;
376
377                 if (get_sec(elf, i, &ehdr, &shname, &shdr, &data))
378                         continue;
379
380                 if (memcmp(shname, "kprobe/", 7) == 0 ||
381                     memcmp(shname, "kretprobe/", 10) == 0 ||
382                     memcmp(shname, "tracepoint/", 11) == 0 ||
383                     memcmp(shname, "xdp", 3) == 0 ||
384                     memcmp(shname, "perf_event", 10) == 0 ||
385                     memcmp(shname, "socket", 6) == 0 ||
386                     memcmp(shname, "cgroup/", 7) == 0)
387                         load_and_attach(shname, data->d_buf, data->d_size);
388         }
389
390         close(fd);
391         return 0;
392 }
393
394 void read_trace_pipe(void)
395 {
396         int trace_fd;
397
398         trace_fd = open(DEBUGFS "trace_pipe", O_RDONLY, 0);
399         if (trace_fd < 0)
400                 return;
401
402         while (1) {
403                 static char buf[4096];
404                 ssize_t sz;
405
406                 sz = read(trace_fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
407                 if (sz > 0) {
408                         buf[sz] = 0;
409                         puts(buf);
410                 }
411         }
412 }
413
414 #define MAX_SYMS 300000
415 static struct ksym syms[MAX_SYMS];
416 static int sym_cnt;
417
418 static int ksym_cmp(const void *p1, const void *p2)
419 {
420         return ((struct ksym *)p1)->addr - ((struct ksym *)p2)->addr;
421 }
422
423 int load_kallsyms(void)
424 {
425         FILE *f = fopen("/proc/kallsyms", "r");
426         char func[256], buf[256];
427         char symbol;
428         void *addr;
429         int i = 0;
430
431         if (!f)
432                 return -ENOENT;
433
434         while (!feof(f)) {
435                 if (!fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), f))
436                         break;
437                 if (sscanf(buf, "%p %c %s", &addr, &symbol, func) != 3)
438                         break;
439                 if (!addr)
440                         continue;
441                 syms[i].addr = (long) addr;
442                 syms[i].name = strdup(func);
443                 i++;
444         }
445         sym_cnt = i;
446         qsort(syms, sym_cnt, sizeof(struct ksym), ksym_cmp);
447         return 0;
448 }
449
450 struct ksym *ksym_search(long key)
451 {
452         int start = 0, end = sym_cnt;
453         int result;
454
455         while (start < end) {
456                 size_t mid = start + (end - start) / 2;
457
458                 result = key - syms[mid].addr;
459                 if (result < 0)
460                         end = mid;
461                 else if (result > 0)
462                         start = mid + 1;
463                 else
464                         return &syms[mid];
465         }
466
467         if (start >= 1 && syms[start - 1].addr < key &&
468             key < syms[start].addr)
469                 /* valid ksym */
470                 return &syms[start - 1];
471
472         /* out of range. return _stext */
473         return &syms[0];
474 }
475
476 int set_link_xdp_fd(int ifindex, int fd)
477 {
478         struct sockaddr_nl sa;
479         int sock, seq = 0, len, ret = -1;
480         char buf[4096];
481         struct nlattr *nla, *nla_xdp;
482         struct {
483                 struct nlmsghdr  nh;
484                 struct ifinfomsg ifinfo;
485                 char             attrbuf[64];
486         } req;
487         struct nlmsghdr *nh;
488         struct nlmsgerr *err;
489
490         memset(&sa, 0, sizeof(sa));
491         sa.nl_family = AF_NETLINK;
492
493         sock = socket(AF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW, NETLINK_ROUTE);
494         if (sock < 0) {
495                 printf("open netlink socket: %s\n", strerror(errno));
496                 return -1;
497         }
498
499         if (bind(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&sa, sizeof(sa)) < 0) {
500                 printf("bind to netlink: %s\n", strerror(errno));
501                 goto cleanup;
502         }
503
504         memset(&req, 0, sizeof(req));
505         req.nh.nlmsg_len = NLMSG_LENGTH(sizeof(struct ifinfomsg));
506         req.nh.nlmsg_flags = NLM_F_REQUEST | NLM_F_ACK;
507         req.nh.nlmsg_type = RTM_SETLINK;
508         req.nh.nlmsg_pid = 0;
509         req.nh.nlmsg_seq = ++seq;
510         req.ifinfo.ifi_family = AF_UNSPEC;
511         req.ifinfo.ifi_index = ifindex;
512         nla = (struct nlattr *)(((char *)&req)
513                                 + NLMSG_ALIGN(req.nh.nlmsg_len));
514         nla->nla_type = NLA_F_NESTED | 43/*IFLA_XDP*/;
515
516         nla_xdp = (struct nlattr *)((char *)nla + NLA_HDRLEN);
517         nla_xdp->nla_type = 1/*IFLA_XDP_FD*/;
518         nla_xdp->nla_len = NLA_HDRLEN + sizeof(int);
519         memcpy((char *)nla_xdp + NLA_HDRLEN, &fd, sizeof(fd));
520         nla->nla_len = NLA_HDRLEN + nla_xdp->nla_len;
521
522         req.nh.nlmsg_len += NLA_ALIGN(nla->nla_len);
523
524         if (send(sock, &req, req.nh.nlmsg_len, 0) < 0) {
525                 printf("send to netlink: %s\n", strerror(errno));
526                 goto cleanup;
527         }
528
529         len = recv(sock, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
530         if (len < 0) {
531                 printf("recv from netlink: %s\n", strerror(errno));
532                 goto cleanup;
533         }
534
535         for (nh = (struct nlmsghdr *)buf; NLMSG_OK(nh, len);
536              nh = NLMSG_NEXT(nh, len)) {
537                 if (nh->nlmsg_pid != getpid()) {
538                         printf("Wrong pid %d, expected %d\n",
539                                nh->nlmsg_pid, getpid());
540                         goto cleanup;
541                 }
542                 if (nh->nlmsg_seq != seq) {
543                         printf("Wrong seq %d, expected %d\n",
544                                nh->nlmsg_seq, seq);
545                         goto cleanup;
546                 }
547                 switch (nh->nlmsg_type) {
548                 case NLMSG_ERROR:
549                         err = (struct nlmsgerr *)NLMSG_DATA(nh);
550                         if (!err->error)
551                                 continue;
552                         printf("nlmsg error %s\n", strerror(-err->error));
553                         goto cleanup;
554                 case NLMSG_DONE:
555                         break;
556                 }
557         }
558
559         ret = 0;
560
561 cleanup:
562         close(sock);
563         return ret;
564 }