1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
3 * Copyright (C) 2015-2017 Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
16 #include <linux/hashtable.h>
17 #include <linux/kernel.h>
19 #define FAKE_JUMP_OFFSET -1
21 #define C_JUMP_TABLE_SECTION ".rodata..c_jump_table"
24 struct list_head list;
25 struct instruction *insn;
30 struct cfi_state initial_func_cfi;
32 struct instruction *find_insn(struct objtool_file *file,
33 struct section *sec, unsigned long offset)
35 struct instruction *insn;
37 hash_for_each_possible(file->insn_hash, insn, hash, offset)
38 if (insn->sec == sec && insn->offset == offset)
44 static struct instruction *next_insn_same_sec(struct objtool_file *file,
45 struct instruction *insn)
47 struct instruction *next = list_next_entry(insn, list);
49 if (!next || &next->list == &file->insn_list || next->sec != insn->sec)
55 static struct instruction *next_insn_same_func(struct objtool_file *file,
56 struct instruction *insn)
58 struct instruction *next = list_next_entry(insn, list);
59 struct symbol *func = insn->func;
64 if (&next->list != &file->insn_list && next->func == func)
67 /* Check if we're already in the subfunction: */
68 if (func == func->cfunc)
71 /* Move to the subfunction: */
72 return find_insn(file, func->cfunc->sec, func->cfunc->offset);
75 #define func_for_each_insn_all(file, func, insn) \
76 for (insn = find_insn(file, func->sec, func->offset); \
78 insn = next_insn_same_func(file, insn))
80 #define func_for_each_insn(file, func, insn) \
81 for (insn = find_insn(file, func->sec, func->offset); \
82 insn && &insn->list != &file->insn_list && \
83 insn->sec == func->sec && \
84 insn->offset < func->offset + func->len; \
85 insn = list_next_entry(insn, list))
87 #define func_for_each_insn_continue_reverse(file, func, insn) \
88 for (insn = list_prev_entry(insn, list); \
89 &insn->list != &file->insn_list && \
90 insn->sec == func->sec && insn->offset >= func->offset; \
91 insn = list_prev_entry(insn, list))
93 #define sec_for_each_insn_from(file, insn) \
94 for (; insn; insn = next_insn_same_sec(file, insn))
96 #define sec_for_each_insn_continue(file, insn) \
97 for (insn = next_insn_same_sec(file, insn); insn; \
98 insn = next_insn_same_sec(file, insn))
100 static bool is_sibling_call(struct instruction *insn)
102 /* An indirect jump is either a sibling call or a jump to a table. */
103 if (insn->type == INSN_JUMP_DYNAMIC)
104 return list_empty(&insn->alts);
106 if (insn->type != INSN_JUMP_CONDITIONAL &&
107 insn->type != INSN_JUMP_UNCONDITIONAL)
110 /* add_jump_destinations() sets insn->call_dest for sibling calls. */
111 return !!insn->call_dest;
115 * This checks to see if the given function is a "noreturn" function.
117 * For global functions which are outside the scope of this object file, we
118 * have to keep a manual list of them.
120 * For local functions, we have to detect them manually by simply looking for
121 * the lack of a return instruction.
123 static bool __dead_end_function(struct objtool_file *file, struct symbol *func,
127 struct instruction *insn;
131 * Unfortunately these have to be hard coded because the noreturn
132 * attribute isn't provided in ELF data.
134 static const char * const global_noreturns[] = {
139 "__module_put_and_exit",
141 "kvm_spurious_fault",
146 "machine_real_restart",
147 "rewind_stack_do_exit",
153 if (func->bind == STB_WEAK)
156 if (func->bind == STB_GLOBAL)
157 for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(global_noreturns); i++)
158 if (!strcmp(func->name, global_noreturns[i]))
164 insn = find_insn(file, func->sec, func->offset);
168 func_for_each_insn_all(file, func, insn) {
171 if (insn->type == INSN_RETURN)
179 * A function can have a sibling call instead of a return. In that
180 * case, the function's dead-end status depends on whether the target
181 * of the sibling call returns.
183 func_for_each_insn_all(file, func, insn) {
184 if (is_sibling_call(insn)) {
185 struct instruction *dest = insn->jump_dest;
188 /* sibling call to another file */
191 /* local sibling call */
192 if (recursion == 5) {
194 * Infinite recursion: two functions have
195 * sibling calls to each other. This is a very
196 * rare case. It means they aren't dead ends.
201 return __dead_end_function(file, dest->func, recursion+1);
208 static bool dead_end_function(struct objtool_file *file, struct symbol *func)
210 return __dead_end_function(file, func, 0);
213 static void clear_insn_state(struct insn_state *state)
217 memset(state, 0, sizeof(*state));
218 state->cfa.base = CFI_UNDEFINED;
219 for (i = 0; i < CFI_NUM_REGS; i++) {
220 state->regs[i].base = CFI_UNDEFINED;
221 state->vals[i].base = CFI_UNDEFINED;
223 state->drap_reg = CFI_UNDEFINED;
224 state->drap_offset = -1;
228 * Call the arch-specific instruction decoder for all the instructions and add
229 * them to the global instruction list.
231 static int decode_instructions(struct objtool_file *file)
235 unsigned long offset;
236 struct instruction *insn;
239 for_each_sec(file, sec) {
241 if (!(sec->sh.sh_flags & SHF_EXECINSTR))
244 if (strcmp(sec->name, ".altinstr_replacement") &&
245 strcmp(sec->name, ".altinstr_aux") &&
246 strncmp(sec->name, ".discard.", 9))
249 for (offset = 0; offset < sec->len; offset += insn->len) {
250 insn = malloc(sizeof(*insn));
252 WARN("malloc failed");
255 memset(insn, 0, sizeof(*insn));
256 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&insn->alts);
257 clear_insn_state(&insn->state);
260 insn->offset = offset;
262 ret = arch_decode_instruction(file->elf, sec, offset,
264 &insn->len, &insn->type,
270 if (!insn->type || insn->type > INSN_LAST) {
271 WARN_FUNC("invalid instruction type %d",
272 insn->sec, insn->offset, insn->type);
277 hash_add(file->insn_hash, &insn->hash, insn->offset);
278 list_add_tail(&insn->list, &file->insn_list);
281 list_for_each_entry(func, &sec->symbol_list, list) {
282 if (func->type != STT_FUNC || func->alias != func)
285 if (!find_insn(file, sec, func->offset)) {
286 WARN("%s(): can't find starting instruction",
291 func_for_each_insn(file, func, insn)
304 * Mark "ud2" instructions and manually annotated dead ends.
306 static int add_dead_ends(struct objtool_file *file)
310 struct instruction *insn;
314 * By default, "ud2" is a dead end unless otherwise annotated, because
315 * GCC 7 inserts it for certain divide-by-zero cases.
317 for_each_insn(file, insn)
318 if (insn->type == INSN_BUG)
319 insn->dead_end = true;
322 * Check for manually annotated dead ends.
324 sec = find_section_by_name(file->elf, ".rela.discard.unreachable");
328 list_for_each_entry(rela, &sec->rela_list, list) {
329 if (rela->sym->type != STT_SECTION) {
330 WARN("unexpected relocation symbol type in %s", sec->name);
333 insn = find_insn(file, rela->sym->sec, rela->addend);
335 insn = list_prev_entry(insn, list);
336 else if (rela->addend == rela->sym->sec->len) {
338 list_for_each_entry_reverse(insn, &file->insn_list, list) {
339 if (insn->sec == rela->sym->sec) {
346 WARN("can't find unreachable insn at %s+0x%x",
347 rela->sym->sec->name, rela->addend);
351 WARN("can't find unreachable insn at %s+0x%x",
352 rela->sym->sec->name, rela->addend);
356 insn->dead_end = true;
361 * These manually annotated reachable checks are needed for GCC 4.4,
362 * where the Linux unreachable() macro isn't supported. In that case
363 * GCC doesn't know the "ud2" is fatal, so it generates code as if it's
366 sec = find_section_by_name(file->elf, ".rela.discard.reachable");
370 list_for_each_entry(rela, &sec->rela_list, list) {
371 if (rela->sym->type != STT_SECTION) {
372 WARN("unexpected relocation symbol type in %s", sec->name);
375 insn = find_insn(file, rela->sym->sec, rela->addend);
377 insn = list_prev_entry(insn, list);
378 else if (rela->addend == rela->sym->sec->len) {
380 list_for_each_entry_reverse(insn, &file->insn_list, list) {
381 if (insn->sec == rela->sym->sec) {
388 WARN("can't find reachable insn at %s+0x%x",
389 rela->sym->sec->name, rela->addend);
393 WARN("can't find reachable insn at %s+0x%x",
394 rela->sym->sec->name, rela->addend);
398 insn->dead_end = false;
405 * Warnings shouldn't be reported for ignored functions.
407 static void add_ignores(struct objtool_file *file)
409 struct instruction *insn;
414 sec = find_section_by_name(file->elf, ".rela.discard.func_stack_frame_non_standard");
418 list_for_each_entry(rela, &sec->rela_list, list) {
419 switch (rela->sym->type) {
425 func = find_symbol_by_offset(rela->sym->sec, rela->addend);
426 if (!func || func->type != STT_FUNC)
431 WARN("unexpected relocation symbol type in %s: %d", sec->name, rela->sym->type);
435 func_for_each_insn_all(file, func, insn)
441 * This is a whitelist of functions that is allowed to be called with AC set.
442 * The list is meant to be minimal and only contains compiler instrumentation
443 * ABI and a few functions used to implement *_{to,from}_user() functions.
445 * These functions must not directly change AC, but may PUSHF/POPF.
447 static const char *uaccess_safe_builtin[] = {
450 "check_memory_region",
451 /* KASAN out-of-line */
452 "__asan_loadN_noabort",
453 "__asan_load1_noabort",
454 "__asan_load2_noabort",
455 "__asan_load4_noabort",
456 "__asan_load8_noabort",
457 "__asan_load16_noabort",
458 "__asan_storeN_noabort",
459 "__asan_store1_noabort",
460 "__asan_store2_noabort",
461 "__asan_store4_noabort",
462 "__asan_store8_noabort",
463 "__asan_store16_noabort",
465 "__asan_report_load_n_noabort",
466 "__asan_report_load1_noabort",
467 "__asan_report_load2_noabort",
468 "__asan_report_load4_noabort",
469 "__asan_report_load8_noabort",
470 "__asan_report_load16_noabort",
471 "__asan_report_store_n_noabort",
472 "__asan_report_store1_noabort",
473 "__asan_report_store2_noabort",
474 "__asan_report_store4_noabort",
475 "__asan_report_store8_noabort",
476 "__asan_report_store16_noabort",
479 "__sanitizer_cov_trace_pc",
480 "__sanitizer_cov_trace_const_cmp1",
481 "__sanitizer_cov_trace_const_cmp2",
482 "__sanitizer_cov_trace_const_cmp4",
483 "__sanitizer_cov_trace_const_cmp8",
484 "__sanitizer_cov_trace_cmp1",
485 "__sanitizer_cov_trace_cmp2",
486 "__sanitizer_cov_trace_cmp4",
487 "__sanitizer_cov_trace_cmp8",
489 "ubsan_type_mismatch_common",
490 "__ubsan_handle_type_mismatch",
491 "__ubsan_handle_type_mismatch_v1",
493 "csum_partial_copy_generic",
495 "mcsafe_handle_tail",
496 "ftrace_likely_update", /* CONFIG_TRACE_BRANCH_PROFILING */
500 static void add_uaccess_safe(struct objtool_file *file)
508 for (name = uaccess_safe_builtin; *name; name++) {
509 func = find_symbol_by_name(file->elf, *name);
513 func->uaccess_safe = true;
518 * FIXME: For now, just ignore any alternatives which add retpolines. This is
519 * a temporary hack, as it doesn't allow ORC to unwind from inside a retpoline.
520 * But it at least allows objtool to understand the control flow *around* the
523 static int add_ignore_alternatives(struct objtool_file *file)
527 struct instruction *insn;
529 sec = find_section_by_name(file->elf, ".rela.discard.ignore_alts");
533 list_for_each_entry(rela, &sec->rela_list, list) {
534 if (rela->sym->type != STT_SECTION) {
535 WARN("unexpected relocation symbol type in %s", sec->name);
539 insn = find_insn(file, rela->sym->sec, rela->addend);
541 WARN("bad .discard.ignore_alts entry");
545 insn->ignore_alts = true;
552 * Find the destination instructions for all jumps.
554 static int add_jump_destinations(struct objtool_file *file)
556 struct instruction *insn;
558 struct section *dest_sec;
559 unsigned long dest_off;
561 for_each_insn(file, insn) {
562 if (insn->type != INSN_JUMP_CONDITIONAL &&
563 insn->type != INSN_JUMP_UNCONDITIONAL)
566 if (insn->ignore || insn->offset == FAKE_JUMP_OFFSET)
569 rela = find_rela_by_dest_range(insn->sec, insn->offset,
572 dest_sec = insn->sec;
573 dest_off = insn->offset + insn->len + insn->immediate;
574 } else if (rela->sym->type == STT_SECTION) {
575 dest_sec = rela->sym->sec;
576 dest_off = rela->addend + 4;
577 } else if (rela->sym->sec->idx) {
578 dest_sec = rela->sym->sec;
579 dest_off = rela->sym->sym.st_value + rela->addend + 4;
580 } else if (strstr(rela->sym->name, "_indirect_thunk_")) {
582 * Retpoline jumps are really dynamic jumps in
583 * disguise, so convert them accordingly.
585 insn->type = INSN_JUMP_DYNAMIC;
586 insn->retpoline_safe = true;
589 /* external sibling call */
590 insn->call_dest = rela->sym;
594 insn->jump_dest = find_insn(file, dest_sec, dest_off);
595 if (!insn->jump_dest) {
598 * This is a special case where an alt instruction
599 * jumps past the end of the section. These are
600 * handled later in handle_group_alt().
602 if (!strcmp(insn->sec->name, ".altinstr_replacement"))
605 WARN_FUNC("can't find jump dest instruction at %s+0x%lx",
606 insn->sec, insn->offset, dest_sec->name,
612 * Cross-function jump.
614 if (insn->func && insn->jump_dest->func &&
615 insn->func != insn->jump_dest->func) {
618 * For GCC 8+, create parent/child links for any cold
619 * subfunctions. This is _mostly_ redundant with a
620 * similar initialization in read_symbols().
622 * If a function has aliases, we want the *first* such
623 * function in the symbol table to be the subfunction's
624 * parent. In that case we overwrite the
625 * initialization done in read_symbols().
627 * However this code can't completely replace the
628 * read_symbols() code because this doesn't detect the
629 * case where the parent function's only reference to a
630 * subfunction is through a switch table.
632 if (!strstr(insn->func->name, ".cold.") &&
633 strstr(insn->jump_dest->func->name, ".cold.")) {
634 insn->func->cfunc = insn->jump_dest->func;
635 insn->jump_dest->func->pfunc = insn->func;
637 } else if (insn->jump_dest->func->pfunc != insn->func->pfunc &&
638 insn->jump_dest->offset == insn->jump_dest->func->offset) {
640 /* internal sibling call */
641 insn->call_dest = insn->jump_dest->func;
650 * Find the destination instructions for all calls.
652 static int add_call_destinations(struct objtool_file *file)
654 struct instruction *insn;
655 unsigned long dest_off;
658 for_each_insn(file, insn) {
659 if (insn->type != INSN_CALL)
662 rela = find_rela_by_dest_range(insn->sec, insn->offset,
665 dest_off = insn->offset + insn->len + insn->immediate;
666 insn->call_dest = find_symbol_by_offset(insn->sec,
669 if (!insn->call_dest && !insn->ignore) {
670 WARN_FUNC("unsupported intra-function call",
671 insn->sec, insn->offset);
673 WARN("If this is a retpoline, please patch it in with alternatives and annotate it with ANNOTATE_NOSPEC_ALTERNATIVE.");
677 } else if (rela->sym->type == STT_SECTION) {
678 insn->call_dest = find_symbol_by_offset(rela->sym->sec,
680 if (!insn->call_dest ||
681 insn->call_dest->type != STT_FUNC) {
682 WARN_FUNC("can't find call dest symbol at %s+0x%x",
683 insn->sec, insn->offset,
684 rela->sym->sec->name,
689 insn->call_dest = rela->sym;
696 * The .alternatives section requires some extra special care, over and above
697 * what other special sections require:
699 * 1. Because alternatives are patched in-place, we need to insert a fake jump
700 * instruction at the end so that validate_branch() skips all the original
701 * replaced instructions when validating the new instruction path.
703 * 2. An added wrinkle is that the new instruction length might be zero. In
704 * that case the old instructions are replaced with noops. We simulate that
705 * by creating a fake jump as the only new instruction.
707 * 3. In some cases, the alternative section includes an instruction which
708 * conditionally jumps to the _end_ of the entry. We have to modify these
709 * jumps' destinations to point back to .text rather than the end of the
710 * entry in .altinstr_replacement.
712 static int handle_group_alt(struct objtool_file *file,
713 struct special_alt *special_alt,
714 struct instruction *orig_insn,
715 struct instruction **new_insn)
717 struct instruction *last_orig_insn, *last_new_insn, *insn, *fake_jump = NULL;
718 unsigned long dest_off;
720 last_orig_insn = NULL;
722 sec_for_each_insn_from(file, insn) {
723 if (insn->offset >= special_alt->orig_off + special_alt->orig_len)
726 insn->alt_group = true;
727 last_orig_insn = insn;
730 if (next_insn_same_sec(file, last_orig_insn)) {
731 fake_jump = malloc(sizeof(*fake_jump));
733 WARN("malloc failed");
736 memset(fake_jump, 0, sizeof(*fake_jump));
737 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&fake_jump->alts);
738 clear_insn_state(&fake_jump->state);
740 fake_jump->sec = special_alt->new_sec;
741 fake_jump->offset = FAKE_JUMP_OFFSET;
742 fake_jump->type = INSN_JUMP_UNCONDITIONAL;
743 fake_jump->jump_dest = list_next_entry(last_orig_insn, list);
744 fake_jump->func = orig_insn->func;
747 if (!special_alt->new_len) {
749 WARN("%s: empty alternative at end of section",
750 special_alt->orig_sec->name);
754 *new_insn = fake_jump;
758 last_new_insn = NULL;
760 sec_for_each_insn_from(file, insn) {
761 if (insn->offset >= special_alt->new_off + special_alt->new_len)
764 last_new_insn = insn;
766 insn->ignore = orig_insn->ignore_alts;
767 insn->func = orig_insn->func;
769 if (insn->type != INSN_JUMP_CONDITIONAL &&
770 insn->type != INSN_JUMP_UNCONDITIONAL)
773 if (!insn->immediate)
776 dest_off = insn->offset + insn->len + insn->immediate;
777 if (dest_off == special_alt->new_off + special_alt->new_len) {
779 WARN("%s: alternative jump to end of section",
780 special_alt->orig_sec->name);
783 insn->jump_dest = fake_jump;
786 if (!insn->jump_dest) {
787 WARN_FUNC("can't find alternative jump destination",
788 insn->sec, insn->offset);
793 if (!last_new_insn) {
794 WARN_FUNC("can't find last new alternative instruction",
795 special_alt->new_sec, special_alt->new_off);
800 list_add(&fake_jump->list, &last_new_insn->list);
806 * A jump table entry can either convert a nop to a jump or a jump to a nop.
807 * If the original instruction is a jump, make the alt entry an effective nop
808 * by just skipping the original instruction.
810 static int handle_jump_alt(struct objtool_file *file,
811 struct special_alt *special_alt,
812 struct instruction *orig_insn,
813 struct instruction **new_insn)
815 if (orig_insn->type == INSN_NOP)
818 if (orig_insn->type != INSN_JUMP_UNCONDITIONAL) {
819 WARN_FUNC("unsupported instruction at jump label",
820 orig_insn->sec, orig_insn->offset);
824 *new_insn = list_next_entry(orig_insn, list);
829 * Read all the special sections which have alternate instructions which can be
830 * patched in or redirected to at runtime. Each instruction having alternate
831 * instruction(s) has them added to its insn->alts list, which will be
832 * traversed in validate_branch().
834 static int add_special_section_alts(struct objtool_file *file)
836 struct list_head special_alts;
837 struct instruction *orig_insn, *new_insn;
838 struct special_alt *special_alt, *tmp;
839 struct alternative *alt;
842 ret = special_get_alts(file->elf, &special_alts);
846 list_for_each_entry_safe(special_alt, tmp, &special_alts, list) {
848 orig_insn = find_insn(file, special_alt->orig_sec,
849 special_alt->orig_off);
851 WARN_FUNC("special: can't find orig instruction",
852 special_alt->orig_sec, special_alt->orig_off);
858 if (!special_alt->group || special_alt->new_len) {
859 new_insn = find_insn(file, special_alt->new_sec,
860 special_alt->new_off);
862 WARN_FUNC("special: can't find new instruction",
863 special_alt->new_sec,
864 special_alt->new_off);
870 if (special_alt->group) {
871 ret = handle_group_alt(file, special_alt, orig_insn,
875 } else if (special_alt->jump_or_nop) {
876 ret = handle_jump_alt(file, special_alt, orig_insn,
882 alt = malloc(sizeof(*alt));
884 WARN("malloc failed");
889 alt->insn = new_insn;
890 alt->skip_orig = special_alt->skip_orig;
891 orig_insn->ignore_alts |= special_alt->skip_alt;
892 list_add_tail(&alt->list, &orig_insn->alts);
894 list_del(&special_alt->list);
902 static int add_switch_table(struct objtool_file *file, struct instruction *insn,
903 struct rela *table, struct rela *next_table)
905 struct rela *rela = table;
906 struct instruction *alt_insn;
907 struct alternative *alt;
908 struct symbol *pfunc = insn->func->pfunc;
909 unsigned int prev_offset = 0;
911 list_for_each_entry_from(rela, &table->rela_sec->rela_list, list) {
912 if (rela == next_table)
915 /* Make sure the switch table entries are consecutive: */
916 if (prev_offset && rela->offset != prev_offset + 8)
919 /* Detect function pointers from contiguous objects: */
920 if (rela->sym->sec == pfunc->sec &&
921 rela->addend == pfunc->offset)
924 alt_insn = find_insn(file, rela->sym->sec, rela->addend);
928 /* Make sure the jmp dest is in the function or subfunction: */
929 if (alt_insn->func->pfunc != pfunc)
932 alt = malloc(sizeof(*alt));
934 WARN("malloc failed");
938 alt->insn = alt_insn;
939 list_add_tail(&alt->list, &insn->alts);
940 prev_offset = rela->offset;
944 WARN_FUNC("can't find switch jump table",
945 insn->sec, insn->offset);
953 * find_switch_table() - Given a dynamic jump, find the switch jump table in
954 * .rodata associated with it.
956 * There are 3 basic patterns:
958 * 1. jmpq *[rodata addr](,%reg,8)
960 * This is the most common case by far. It jumps to an address in a simple
961 * jump table which is stored in .rodata.
963 * 2. jmpq *[rodata addr](%rip)
965 * This is caused by a rare GCC quirk, currently only seen in three driver
966 * functions in the kernel, only with certain obscure non-distro configs.
968 * As part of an optimization, GCC makes a copy of an existing switch jump
969 * table, modifies it, and then hard-codes the jump (albeit with an indirect
970 * jump) to use a single entry in the table. The rest of the jump table and
971 * some of its jump targets remain as dead code.
973 * In such a case we can just crudely ignore all unreachable instruction
974 * warnings for the entire object file. Ideally we would just ignore them
975 * for the function, but that would require redesigning the code quite a
976 * bit. And honestly that's just not worth doing: unreachable instruction
977 * warnings are of questionable value anyway, and this is such a rare issue.
979 * 3. mov [rodata addr],%reg1
980 * ... some instructions ...
981 * jmpq *(%reg1,%reg2,8)
983 * This is a fairly uncommon pattern which is new for GCC 6. As of this
984 * writing, there are 11 occurrences of it in the allmodconfig kernel.
986 * As of GCC 7 there are quite a few more of these and the 'in between' code
987 * is significant. Esp. with KASAN enabled some of the code between the mov
988 * and jmpq uses .rodata itself, which can confuse things.
990 * TODO: Once we have DWARF CFI and smarter instruction decoding logic,
991 * ensure the same register is used in the mov and jump instructions.
993 * NOTE: RETPOLINE made it harder still to decode dynamic jumps.
995 static struct rela *find_switch_table(struct objtool_file *file,
997 struct instruction *insn)
999 struct rela *text_rela, *rodata_rela;
1000 struct instruction *orig_insn = insn;
1001 struct section *rodata_sec;
1002 unsigned long table_offset;
1005 * Backward search using the @first_jump_src links, these help avoid
1006 * much of the 'in between' code. Which avoids us getting confused by
1010 &insn->list != &file->insn_list &&
1011 insn->sec == func->sec &&
1012 insn->offset >= func->offset;
1014 insn = insn->first_jump_src ?: list_prev_entry(insn, list)) {
1016 if (insn != orig_insn && insn->type == INSN_JUMP_DYNAMIC)
1019 /* allow small jumps within the range */
1020 if (insn->type == INSN_JUMP_UNCONDITIONAL &&
1022 (insn->jump_dest->offset <= insn->offset ||
1023 insn->jump_dest->offset > orig_insn->offset))
1026 /* look for a relocation which references .rodata */
1027 text_rela = find_rela_by_dest_range(insn->sec, insn->offset,
1029 if (!text_rela || text_rela->sym->type != STT_SECTION ||
1030 !text_rela->sym->sec->rodata)
1033 table_offset = text_rela->addend;
1034 rodata_sec = text_rela->sym->sec;
1036 if (text_rela->type == R_X86_64_PC32)
1040 * Make sure the .rodata address isn't associated with a
1041 * symbol. GCC jump tables are anonymous data.
1043 * Also support C jump tables which are in the same format as
1044 * switch jump tables. For objtool to recognize them, they
1045 * need to be placed in the C_JUMP_TABLE_SECTION section. They
1046 * have symbols associated with them.
1048 if (find_symbol_containing(rodata_sec, table_offset) &&
1049 strcmp(rodata_sec->name, C_JUMP_TABLE_SECTION))
1052 rodata_rela = find_rela_by_dest(rodata_sec, table_offset);
1055 * Use of RIP-relative switch jumps is quite rare, and
1056 * indicates a rare GCC quirk/bug which can leave dead
1059 if (text_rela->type == R_X86_64_PC32)
1060 file->ignore_unreachables = true;
1070 static int add_func_switch_tables(struct objtool_file *file,
1071 struct symbol *func)
1073 struct instruction *insn, *last = NULL, *prev_jump = NULL;
1074 struct rela *rela, *prev_rela = NULL;
1077 func_for_each_insn_all(file, func, insn) {
1082 * Store back-pointers for unconditional forward jumps such
1083 * that find_switch_table() can back-track using those and
1084 * avoid some potentially confusing code.
1086 if (insn->type == INSN_JUMP_UNCONDITIONAL && insn->jump_dest &&
1087 insn->offset > last->offset &&
1088 insn->jump_dest->offset > insn->offset &&
1089 !insn->jump_dest->first_jump_src) {
1091 insn->jump_dest->first_jump_src = insn;
1092 last = insn->jump_dest;
1095 if (insn->type != INSN_JUMP_DYNAMIC)
1098 rela = find_switch_table(file, func, insn);
1103 * We found a switch table, but we don't know yet how big it
1104 * is. Don't add it until we reach the end of the function or
1105 * the beginning of another switch table in the same function.
1108 ret = add_switch_table(file, prev_jump, prev_rela, rela);
1118 ret = add_switch_table(file, prev_jump, prev_rela, NULL);
1127 * For some switch statements, gcc generates a jump table in the .rodata
1128 * section which contains a list of addresses within the function to jump to.
1129 * This finds these jump tables and adds them to the insn->alts lists.
1131 static int add_switch_table_alts(struct objtool_file *file)
1133 struct section *sec;
1134 struct symbol *func;
1140 for_each_sec(file, sec) {
1141 list_for_each_entry(func, &sec->symbol_list, list) {
1142 if (func->type != STT_FUNC)
1145 ret = add_func_switch_tables(file, func);
1154 static int read_unwind_hints(struct objtool_file *file)
1156 struct section *sec, *relasec;
1158 struct unwind_hint *hint;
1159 struct instruction *insn;
1160 struct cfi_reg *cfa;
1163 sec = find_section_by_name(file->elf, ".discard.unwind_hints");
1167 relasec = sec->rela;
1169 WARN("missing .rela.discard.unwind_hints section");
1173 if (sec->len % sizeof(struct unwind_hint)) {
1174 WARN("struct unwind_hint size mismatch");
1180 for (i = 0; i < sec->len / sizeof(struct unwind_hint); i++) {
1181 hint = (struct unwind_hint *)sec->data->d_buf + i;
1183 rela = find_rela_by_dest(sec, i * sizeof(*hint));
1185 WARN("can't find rela for unwind_hints[%d]", i);
1189 insn = find_insn(file, rela->sym->sec, rela->addend);
1191 WARN("can't find insn for unwind_hints[%d]", i);
1195 cfa = &insn->state.cfa;
1197 if (hint->type == UNWIND_HINT_TYPE_SAVE) {
1201 } else if (hint->type == UNWIND_HINT_TYPE_RESTORE) {
1202 insn->restore = true;
1209 switch (hint->sp_reg) {
1210 case ORC_REG_UNDEFINED:
1211 cfa->base = CFI_UNDEFINED;
1219 case ORC_REG_SP_INDIRECT:
1220 cfa->base = CFI_SP_INDIRECT;
1223 cfa->base = CFI_R10;
1226 cfa->base = CFI_R13;
1235 WARN_FUNC("unsupported unwind_hint sp base reg %d",
1236 insn->sec, insn->offset, hint->sp_reg);
1240 cfa->offset = hint->sp_offset;
1241 insn->state.type = hint->type;
1242 insn->state.end = hint->end;
1248 static int read_retpoline_hints(struct objtool_file *file)
1250 struct section *sec;
1251 struct instruction *insn;
1254 sec = find_section_by_name(file->elf, ".rela.discard.retpoline_safe");
1258 list_for_each_entry(rela, &sec->rela_list, list) {
1259 if (rela->sym->type != STT_SECTION) {
1260 WARN("unexpected relocation symbol type in %s", sec->name);
1264 insn = find_insn(file, rela->sym->sec, rela->addend);
1266 WARN("bad .discard.retpoline_safe entry");
1270 if (insn->type != INSN_JUMP_DYNAMIC &&
1271 insn->type != INSN_CALL_DYNAMIC) {
1272 WARN_FUNC("retpoline_safe hint not an indirect jump/call",
1273 insn->sec, insn->offset);
1277 insn->retpoline_safe = true;
1283 static void mark_rodata(struct objtool_file *file)
1285 struct section *sec;
1289 * Search for the following rodata sections, each of which can
1290 * potentially contain jump tables:
1292 * - .rodata: can contain GCC switch tables
1293 * - .rodata.<func>: same, if -fdata-sections is being used
1294 * - .rodata..c_jump_table: contains C annotated jump tables
1296 * .rodata.str1.* sections are ignored; they don't contain jump tables.
1298 for_each_sec(file, sec) {
1299 if ((!strncmp(sec->name, ".rodata", 7) && !strstr(sec->name, ".str1.")) ||
1300 !strcmp(sec->name, C_JUMP_TABLE_SECTION)) {
1306 file->rodata = found;
1309 static int decode_sections(struct objtool_file *file)
1315 ret = decode_instructions(file);
1319 ret = add_dead_ends(file);
1324 add_uaccess_safe(file);
1326 ret = add_ignore_alternatives(file);
1330 ret = add_jump_destinations(file);
1334 ret = add_special_section_alts(file);
1338 ret = add_call_destinations(file);
1342 ret = add_switch_table_alts(file);
1346 ret = read_unwind_hints(file);
1350 ret = read_retpoline_hints(file);
1357 static bool is_fentry_call(struct instruction *insn)
1359 if (insn->type == INSN_CALL &&
1360 insn->call_dest->type == STT_NOTYPE &&
1361 !strcmp(insn->call_dest->name, "__fentry__"))
1367 static bool has_modified_stack_frame(struct insn_state *state)
1371 if (state->cfa.base != initial_func_cfi.cfa.base ||
1372 state->cfa.offset != initial_func_cfi.cfa.offset ||
1373 state->stack_size != initial_func_cfi.cfa.offset ||
1377 for (i = 0; i < CFI_NUM_REGS; i++)
1378 if (state->regs[i].base != initial_func_cfi.regs[i].base ||
1379 state->regs[i].offset != initial_func_cfi.regs[i].offset)
1385 static bool has_valid_stack_frame(struct insn_state *state)
1387 if (state->cfa.base == CFI_BP && state->regs[CFI_BP].base == CFI_CFA &&
1388 state->regs[CFI_BP].offset == -16)
1391 if (state->drap && state->regs[CFI_BP].base == CFI_BP)
1397 static int update_insn_state_regs(struct instruction *insn, struct insn_state *state)
1399 struct cfi_reg *cfa = &state->cfa;
1400 struct stack_op *op = &insn->stack_op;
1402 if (cfa->base != CFI_SP)
1406 if (op->dest.type == OP_DEST_PUSH || op->dest.type == OP_DEST_PUSHF)
1410 if (op->src.type == OP_SRC_POP || op->src.type == OP_SRC_POPF)
1413 /* add immediate to sp */
1414 if (op->dest.type == OP_DEST_REG && op->src.type == OP_SRC_ADD &&
1415 op->dest.reg == CFI_SP && op->src.reg == CFI_SP)
1416 cfa->offset -= op->src.offset;
1421 static void save_reg(struct insn_state *state, unsigned char reg, int base,
1424 if (arch_callee_saved_reg(reg) &&
1425 state->regs[reg].base == CFI_UNDEFINED) {
1426 state->regs[reg].base = base;
1427 state->regs[reg].offset = offset;
1431 static void restore_reg(struct insn_state *state, unsigned char reg)
1433 state->regs[reg].base = CFI_UNDEFINED;
1434 state->regs[reg].offset = 0;
1438 * A note about DRAP stack alignment:
1440 * GCC has the concept of a DRAP register, which is used to help keep track of
1441 * the stack pointer when aligning the stack. r10 or r13 is used as the DRAP
1442 * register. The typical DRAP pattern is:
1444 * 4c 8d 54 24 08 lea 0x8(%rsp),%r10
1445 * 48 83 e4 c0 and $0xffffffffffffffc0,%rsp
1446 * 41 ff 72 f8 pushq -0x8(%r10)
1448 * 48 89 e5 mov %rsp,%rbp
1455 * 49 8d 62 f8 lea -0x8(%r10),%rsp
1458 * There are some variations in the epilogues, like:
1466 * 49 8d 62 f8 lea -0x8(%r10),%rsp
1471 * 4c 8b 55 e8 mov -0x18(%rbp),%r10
1472 * 48 8b 5d e0 mov -0x20(%rbp),%rbx
1473 * 4c 8b 65 f0 mov -0x10(%rbp),%r12
1474 * 4c 8b 6d f8 mov -0x8(%rbp),%r13
1476 * 49 8d 62 f8 lea -0x8(%r10),%rsp
1479 * Sometimes r13 is used as the DRAP register, in which case it's saved and
1480 * restored beforehand:
1483 * 4c 8d 6c 24 10 lea 0x10(%rsp),%r13
1484 * 48 83 e4 f0 and $0xfffffffffffffff0,%rsp
1486 * 49 8d 65 f0 lea -0x10(%r13),%rsp
1490 static int update_insn_state(struct instruction *insn, struct insn_state *state)
1492 struct stack_op *op = &insn->stack_op;
1493 struct cfi_reg *cfa = &state->cfa;
1494 struct cfi_reg *regs = state->regs;
1496 /* stack operations don't make sense with an undefined CFA */
1497 if (cfa->base == CFI_UNDEFINED) {
1499 WARN_FUNC("undefined stack state", insn->sec, insn->offset);
1505 if (state->type == ORC_TYPE_REGS || state->type == ORC_TYPE_REGS_IRET)
1506 return update_insn_state_regs(insn, state);
1508 switch (op->dest.type) {
1511 switch (op->src.type) {
1514 if (op->src.reg == CFI_SP && op->dest.reg == CFI_BP &&
1515 cfa->base == CFI_SP &&
1516 regs[CFI_BP].base == CFI_CFA &&
1517 regs[CFI_BP].offset == -cfa->offset) {
1519 /* mov %rsp, %rbp */
1520 cfa->base = op->dest.reg;
1521 state->bp_scratch = false;
1524 else if (op->src.reg == CFI_SP &&
1525 op->dest.reg == CFI_BP && state->drap) {
1527 /* drap: mov %rsp, %rbp */
1528 regs[CFI_BP].base = CFI_BP;
1529 regs[CFI_BP].offset = -state->stack_size;
1530 state->bp_scratch = false;
1533 else if (op->src.reg == CFI_SP && cfa->base == CFI_SP) {
1538 * This is needed for the rare case where GCC
1545 state->vals[op->dest.reg].base = CFI_CFA;
1546 state->vals[op->dest.reg].offset = -state->stack_size;
1549 else if (op->src.reg == CFI_BP && op->dest.reg == CFI_SP &&
1550 cfa->base == CFI_BP) {
1555 * Restore the original stack pointer (Clang).
1557 state->stack_size = -state->regs[CFI_BP].offset;
1560 else if (op->dest.reg == cfa->base) {
1562 /* mov %reg, %rsp */
1563 if (cfa->base == CFI_SP &&
1564 state->vals[op->src.reg].base == CFI_CFA) {
1567 * This is needed for the rare case
1568 * where GCC does something dumb like:
1570 * lea 0x8(%rsp), %rcx
1574 cfa->offset = -state->vals[op->src.reg].offset;
1575 state->stack_size = cfa->offset;
1578 cfa->base = CFI_UNDEFINED;
1586 if (op->dest.reg == CFI_SP && op->src.reg == CFI_SP) {
1589 state->stack_size -= op->src.offset;
1590 if (cfa->base == CFI_SP)
1591 cfa->offset -= op->src.offset;
1595 if (op->dest.reg == CFI_SP && op->src.reg == CFI_BP) {
1597 /* lea disp(%rbp), %rsp */
1598 state->stack_size = -(op->src.offset + regs[CFI_BP].offset);
1602 if (op->src.reg == CFI_SP && cfa->base == CFI_SP) {
1604 /* drap: lea disp(%rsp), %drap */
1605 state->drap_reg = op->dest.reg;
1608 * lea disp(%rsp), %reg
1610 * This is needed for the rare case where GCC
1611 * does something dumb like:
1613 * lea 0x8(%rsp), %rcx
1617 state->vals[op->dest.reg].base = CFI_CFA;
1618 state->vals[op->dest.reg].offset = \
1619 -state->stack_size + op->src.offset;
1624 if (state->drap && op->dest.reg == CFI_SP &&
1625 op->src.reg == state->drap_reg) {
1627 /* drap: lea disp(%drap), %rsp */
1629 cfa->offset = state->stack_size = -op->src.offset;
1630 state->drap_reg = CFI_UNDEFINED;
1631 state->drap = false;
1635 if (op->dest.reg == state->cfa.base) {
1636 WARN_FUNC("unsupported stack register modification",
1637 insn->sec, insn->offset);
1644 if (op->dest.reg != CFI_SP ||
1645 (state->drap_reg != CFI_UNDEFINED && cfa->base != CFI_SP) ||
1646 (state->drap_reg == CFI_UNDEFINED && cfa->base != CFI_BP)) {
1647 WARN_FUNC("unsupported stack pointer realignment",
1648 insn->sec, insn->offset);
1652 if (state->drap_reg != CFI_UNDEFINED) {
1653 /* drap: and imm, %rsp */
1654 cfa->base = state->drap_reg;
1655 cfa->offset = state->stack_size = 0;
1660 * Older versions of GCC (4.8ish) realign the stack
1661 * without DRAP, with a frame pointer.
1668 if (!state->drap && op->dest.type == OP_DEST_REG &&
1669 op->dest.reg == cfa->base) {
1675 if (state->drap && cfa->base == CFI_BP_INDIRECT &&
1676 op->dest.type == OP_DEST_REG &&
1677 op->dest.reg == state->drap_reg &&
1678 state->drap_offset == -state->stack_size) {
1680 /* drap: pop %drap */
1681 cfa->base = state->drap_reg;
1683 state->drap_offset = -1;
1685 } else if (regs[op->dest.reg].offset == -state->stack_size) {
1688 restore_reg(state, op->dest.reg);
1691 state->stack_size -= 8;
1692 if (cfa->base == CFI_SP)
1697 case OP_SRC_REG_INDIRECT:
1698 if (state->drap && op->src.reg == CFI_BP &&
1699 op->src.offset == state->drap_offset) {
1701 /* drap: mov disp(%rbp), %drap */
1702 cfa->base = state->drap_reg;
1704 state->drap_offset = -1;
1707 if (state->drap && op->src.reg == CFI_BP &&
1708 op->src.offset == regs[op->dest.reg].offset) {
1710 /* drap: mov disp(%rbp), %reg */
1711 restore_reg(state, op->dest.reg);
1713 } else if (op->src.reg == cfa->base &&
1714 op->src.offset == regs[op->dest.reg].offset + cfa->offset) {
1716 /* mov disp(%rbp), %reg */
1717 /* mov disp(%rsp), %reg */
1718 restore_reg(state, op->dest.reg);
1724 WARN_FUNC("unknown stack-related instruction",
1725 insn->sec, insn->offset);
1733 state->stack_size += 8;
1734 if (cfa->base == CFI_SP)
1737 if (op->src.type != OP_SRC_REG)
1741 if (op->src.reg == cfa->base && op->src.reg == state->drap_reg) {
1743 /* drap: push %drap */
1744 cfa->base = CFI_BP_INDIRECT;
1745 cfa->offset = -state->stack_size;
1747 /* save drap so we know when to restore it */
1748 state->drap_offset = -state->stack_size;
1750 } else if (op->src.reg == CFI_BP && cfa->base == state->drap_reg) {
1752 /* drap: push %rbp */
1753 state->stack_size = 0;
1755 } else if (regs[op->src.reg].base == CFI_UNDEFINED) {
1757 /* drap: push %reg */
1758 save_reg(state, op->src.reg, CFI_BP, -state->stack_size);
1764 save_reg(state, op->src.reg, CFI_CFA, -state->stack_size);
1767 /* detect when asm code uses rbp as a scratch register */
1768 if (!no_fp && insn->func && op->src.reg == CFI_BP &&
1769 cfa->base != CFI_BP)
1770 state->bp_scratch = true;
1773 case OP_DEST_REG_INDIRECT:
1776 if (op->src.reg == cfa->base && op->src.reg == state->drap_reg) {
1778 /* drap: mov %drap, disp(%rbp) */
1779 cfa->base = CFI_BP_INDIRECT;
1780 cfa->offset = op->dest.offset;
1782 /* save drap offset so we know when to restore it */
1783 state->drap_offset = op->dest.offset;
1786 else if (regs[op->src.reg].base == CFI_UNDEFINED) {
1788 /* drap: mov reg, disp(%rbp) */
1789 save_reg(state, op->src.reg, CFI_BP, op->dest.offset);
1792 } else if (op->dest.reg == cfa->base) {
1794 /* mov reg, disp(%rbp) */
1795 /* mov reg, disp(%rsp) */
1796 save_reg(state, op->src.reg, CFI_CFA,
1797 op->dest.offset - state->cfa.offset);
1803 if ((!state->drap && cfa->base != CFI_BP) ||
1804 (state->drap && cfa->base != state->drap_reg)) {
1805 WARN_FUNC("leave instruction with modified stack frame",
1806 insn->sec, insn->offset);
1810 /* leave (mov %rbp, %rsp; pop %rbp) */
1812 state->stack_size = -state->regs[CFI_BP].offset - 8;
1813 restore_reg(state, CFI_BP);
1823 if (op->src.type != OP_SRC_POP && op->src.type != OP_SRC_POPF) {
1824 WARN_FUNC("unknown stack-related memory operation",
1825 insn->sec, insn->offset);
1830 state->stack_size -= 8;
1831 if (cfa->base == CFI_SP)
1837 WARN_FUNC("unknown stack-related instruction",
1838 insn->sec, insn->offset);
1845 static bool insn_state_match(struct instruction *insn, struct insn_state *state)
1847 struct insn_state *state1 = &insn->state, *state2 = state;
1850 if (memcmp(&state1->cfa, &state2->cfa, sizeof(state1->cfa))) {
1851 WARN_FUNC("stack state mismatch: cfa1=%d%+d cfa2=%d%+d",
1852 insn->sec, insn->offset,
1853 state1->cfa.base, state1->cfa.offset,
1854 state2->cfa.base, state2->cfa.offset);
1856 } else if (memcmp(&state1->regs, &state2->regs, sizeof(state1->regs))) {
1857 for (i = 0; i < CFI_NUM_REGS; i++) {
1858 if (!memcmp(&state1->regs[i], &state2->regs[i],
1859 sizeof(struct cfi_reg)))
1862 WARN_FUNC("stack state mismatch: reg1[%d]=%d%+d reg2[%d]=%d%+d",
1863 insn->sec, insn->offset,
1864 i, state1->regs[i].base, state1->regs[i].offset,
1865 i, state2->regs[i].base, state2->regs[i].offset);
1869 } else if (state1->type != state2->type) {
1870 WARN_FUNC("stack state mismatch: type1=%d type2=%d",
1871 insn->sec, insn->offset, state1->type, state2->type);
1873 } else if (state1->drap != state2->drap ||
1874 (state1->drap && state1->drap_reg != state2->drap_reg) ||
1875 (state1->drap && state1->drap_offset != state2->drap_offset)) {
1876 WARN_FUNC("stack state mismatch: drap1=%d(%d,%d) drap2=%d(%d,%d)",
1877 insn->sec, insn->offset,
1878 state1->drap, state1->drap_reg, state1->drap_offset,
1879 state2->drap, state2->drap_reg, state2->drap_offset);
1887 static inline bool func_uaccess_safe(struct symbol *func)
1890 return func->uaccess_safe;
1895 static inline const char *call_dest_name(struct instruction *insn)
1897 if (insn->call_dest)
1898 return insn->call_dest->name;
1903 static int validate_call(struct instruction *insn, struct insn_state *state)
1905 if (state->uaccess && !func_uaccess_safe(insn->call_dest)) {
1906 WARN_FUNC("call to %s() with UACCESS enabled",
1907 insn->sec, insn->offset, call_dest_name(insn));
1912 WARN_FUNC("call to %s() with DF set",
1913 insn->sec, insn->offset, call_dest_name(insn));
1920 static int validate_sibling_call(struct instruction *insn, struct insn_state *state)
1922 if (has_modified_stack_frame(state)) {
1923 WARN_FUNC("sibling call from callable instruction with modified stack frame",
1924 insn->sec, insn->offset);
1928 return validate_call(insn, state);
1932 * Follow the branch starting at the given instruction, and recursively follow
1933 * any other branches (jumps). Meanwhile, track the frame pointer state at
1934 * each instruction and validate all the rules described in
1935 * tools/objtool/Documentation/stack-validation.txt.
1937 static int validate_branch(struct objtool_file *file, struct symbol *func,
1938 struct instruction *first, struct insn_state state)
1940 struct alternative *alt;
1941 struct instruction *insn, *next_insn;
1942 struct section *sec;
1948 if (insn->alt_group && list_empty(&insn->alts)) {
1949 WARN_FUNC("don't know how to handle branch to middle of alternative instruction group",
1955 next_insn = next_insn_same_sec(file, insn);
1957 if (file->c_file && func && insn->func && func != insn->func->pfunc) {
1958 WARN("%s() falls through to next function %s()",
1959 func->name, insn->func->name);
1963 if (func && insn->ignore) {
1964 WARN_FUNC("BUG: why am I validating an ignored function?",
1969 if (insn->visited) {
1970 if (!insn->hint && !insn_state_match(insn, &state))
1973 /* If we were here with AC=0, but now have AC=1, go again */
1974 if (insn->state.uaccess || !state.uaccess)
1979 if (insn->restore) {
1980 struct instruction *save_insn, *i;
1984 func_for_each_insn_continue_reverse(file, func, i) {
1992 WARN_FUNC("no corresponding CFI save for CFI restore",
1997 if (!save_insn->visited) {
1999 * Oops, no state to copy yet.
2000 * Hopefully we can reach this
2001 * instruction from another branch
2002 * after the save insn has been
2008 WARN_FUNC("objtool isn't smart enough to handle this CFI save/restore combo",
2013 insn->state = save_insn->state;
2016 state = insn->state;
2019 insn->state = state;
2021 insn->visited = true;
2023 if (!insn->ignore_alts) {
2024 bool skip_orig = false;
2026 list_for_each_entry(alt, &insn->alts, list) {
2030 ret = validate_branch(file, func, alt->insn, state);
2033 BT_FUNC("(alt)", insn);
2042 switch (insn->type) {
2045 if (state.uaccess && !func_uaccess_safe(func)) {
2046 WARN_FUNC("return with UACCESS enabled", sec, insn->offset);
2050 if (!state.uaccess && func_uaccess_safe(func)) {
2051 WARN_FUNC("return with UACCESS disabled from a UACCESS-safe function", sec, insn->offset);
2056 WARN_FUNC("return with DF set", sec, insn->offset);
2060 if (func && has_modified_stack_frame(&state)) {
2061 WARN_FUNC("return with modified stack frame",
2066 if (state.bp_scratch) {
2067 WARN("%s uses BP as a scratch register",
2075 case INSN_CALL_DYNAMIC:
2076 ret = validate_call(insn, &state);
2080 if (!no_fp && func && !is_fentry_call(insn) &&
2081 !has_valid_stack_frame(&state)) {
2082 WARN_FUNC("call without frame pointer save/setup",
2087 if (dead_end_function(file, insn->call_dest))
2092 case INSN_JUMP_CONDITIONAL:
2093 case INSN_JUMP_UNCONDITIONAL:
2094 if (func && is_sibling_call(insn)) {
2095 ret = validate_sibling_call(insn, &state);
2099 } else if (insn->jump_dest) {
2100 ret = validate_branch(file, func,
2101 insn->jump_dest, state);
2104 BT_FUNC("(branch)", insn);
2109 if (insn->type == INSN_JUMP_UNCONDITIONAL)
2114 case INSN_JUMP_DYNAMIC:
2115 if (func && is_sibling_call(insn)) {
2116 ret = validate_sibling_call(insn, &state);
2123 case INSN_CONTEXT_SWITCH:
2124 if (func && (!next_insn || !next_insn->hint)) {
2125 WARN_FUNC("unsupported instruction in callable function",
2132 if (update_insn_state(insn, &state))
2135 if (insn->stack_op.dest.type == OP_DEST_PUSHF) {
2136 if (!state.uaccess_stack) {
2137 state.uaccess_stack = 1;
2138 } else if (state.uaccess_stack >> 31) {
2139 WARN_FUNC("PUSHF stack exhausted", sec, insn->offset);
2142 state.uaccess_stack <<= 1;
2143 state.uaccess_stack |= state.uaccess;
2146 if (insn->stack_op.src.type == OP_SRC_POPF) {
2147 if (state.uaccess_stack) {
2148 state.uaccess = state.uaccess_stack & 1;
2149 state.uaccess_stack >>= 1;
2150 if (state.uaccess_stack == 1)
2151 state.uaccess_stack = 0;
2158 if (state.uaccess) {
2159 WARN_FUNC("recursive UACCESS enable", sec, insn->offset);
2163 state.uaccess = true;
2167 if (!state.uaccess && func) {
2168 WARN_FUNC("redundant UACCESS disable", sec, insn->offset);
2172 if (func_uaccess_safe(func) && !state.uaccess_stack) {
2173 WARN_FUNC("UACCESS-safe disables UACCESS", sec, insn->offset);
2177 state.uaccess = false;
2182 WARN_FUNC("recursive STD", sec, insn->offset);
2188 if (!state.df && func)
2189 WARN_FUNC("redundant CLD", sec, insn->offset);
2202 if (state.cfa.base == CFI_UNDEFINED)
2204 WARN("%s: unexpected end of section", sec->name);
2214 static int validate_unwind_hints(struct objtool_file *file)
2216 struct instruction *insn;
2217 int ret, warnings = 0;
2218 struct insn_state state;
2223 clear_insn_state(&state);
2225 for_each_insn(file, insn) {
2226 if (insn->hint && !insn->visited) {
2227 ret = validate_branch(file, insn->func, insn, state);
2228 if (ret && backtrace)
2229 BT_FUNC("<=== (hint)", insn);
2237 static int validate_retpoline(struct objtool_file *file)
2239 struct instruction *insn;
2242 for_each_insn(file, insn) {
2243 if (insn->type != INSN_JUMP_DYNAMIC &&
2244 insn->type != INSN_CALL_DYNAMIC)
2247 if (insn->retpoline_safe)
2251 * .init.text code is ran before userspace and thus doesn't
2252 * strictly need retpolines, except for modules which are
2253 * loaded late, they very much do need retpoline in their
2256 if (!strcmp(insn->sec->name, ".init.text") && !module)
2259 WARN_FUNC("indirect %s found in RETPOLINE build",
2260 insn->sec, insn->offset,
2261 insn->type == INSN_JUMP_DYNAMIC ? "jump" : "call");
2269 static bool is_kasan_insn(struct instruction *insn)
2271 return (insn->type == INSN_CALL &&
2272 !strcmp(insn->call_dest->name, "__asan_handle_no_return"));
2275 static bool is_ubsan_insn(struct instruction *insn)
2277 return (insn->type == INSN_CALL &&
2278 !strcmp(insn->call_dest->name,
2279 "__ubsan_handle_builtin_unreachable"));
2282 static bool ignore_unreachable_insn(struct instruction *insn)
2286 if (insn->ignore || insn->type == INSN_NOP)
2290 * Ignore any unused exceptions. This can happen when a whitelisted
2291 * function has an exception table entry.
2293 * Also ignore alternative replacement instructions. This can happen
2294 * when a whitelisted function uses one of the ALTERNATIVE macros.
2296 if (!strcmp(insn->sec->name, ".fixup") ||
2297 !strcmp(insn->sec->name, ".altinstr_replacement") ||
2298 !strcmp(insn->sec->name, ".altinstr_aux"))
2302 * Check if this (or a subsequent) instruction is related to
2303 * CONFIG_UBSAN or CONFIG_KASAN.
2305 * End the search at 5 instructions to avoid going into the weeds.
2309 for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
2311 if (is_kasan_insn(insn) || is_ubsan_insn(insn))
2314 if (insn->type == INSN_JUMP_UNCONDITIONAL) {
2315 if (insn->jump_dest &&
2316 insn->jump_dest->func == insn->func) {
2317 insn = insn->jump_dest;
2324 if (insn->offset + insn->len >= insn->func->offset + insn->func->len)
2327 insn = list_next_entry(insn, list);
2333 static int validate_functions(struct objtool_file *file)
2335 struct section *sec;
2336 struct symbol *func;
2337 struct instruction *insn;
2338 struct insn_state state;
2339 int ret, warnings = 0;
2341 clear_insn_state(&state);
2343 state.cfa = initial_func_cfi.cfa;
2344 memcpy(&state.regs, &initial_func_cfi.regs,
2345 CFI_NUM_REGS * sizeof(struct cfi_reg));
2346 state.stack_size = initial_func_cfi.cfa.offset;
2348 for_each_sec(file, sec) {
2349 list_for_each_entry(func, &sec->symbol_list, list) {
2350 if (func->type != STT_FUNC)
2354 WARN("%s() is missing an ELF size annotation",
2359 if (func->pfunc != func || func->alias != func)
2362 insn = find_insn(file, sec, func->offset);
2363 if (!insn || insn->ignore || insn->visited)
2366 state.uaccess = func->uaccess_safe;
2368 ret = validate_branch(file, func, insn, state);
2369 if (ret && backtrace)
2370 BT_FUNC("<=== (func)", insn);
2378 static int validate_reachable_instructions(struct objtool_file *file)
2380 struct instruction *insn;
2382 if (file->ignore_unreachables)
2385 for_each_insn(file, insn) {
2386 if (insn->visited || ignore_unreachable_insn(insn))
2389 WARN_FUNC("unreachable instruction", insn->sec, insn->offset);
2396 static void cleanup(struct objtool_file *file)
2398 struct instruction *insn, *tmpinsn;
2399 struct alternative *alt, *tmpalt;
2401 list_for_each_entry_safe(insn, tmpinsn, &file->insn_list, list) {
2402 list_for_each_entry_safe(alt, tmpalt, &insn->alts, list) {
2403 list_del(&alt->list);
2406 list_del(&insn->list);
2407 hash_del(&insn->hash);
2410 elf_close(file->elf);
2413 static struct objtool_file file;
2415 int check(const char *_objname, bool orc)
2417 int ret, warnings = 0;
2421 file.elf = elf_read(objname, orc ? O_RDWR : O_RDONLY);
2425 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&file.insn_list);
2426 hash_init(file.insn_hash);
2427 file.c_file = find_section_by_name(file.elf, ".comment");
2428 file.ignore_unreachables = no_unreachable;
2431 arch_initial_func_cfi_state(&initial_func_cfi);
2433 ret = decode_sections(&file);
2438 if (list_empty(&file.insn_list))
2442 ret = validate_retpoline(&file);
2448 ret = validate_functions(&file);
2453 ret = validate_unwind_hints(&file);
2459 ret = validate_reachable_instructions(&file);
2466 ret = create_orc(&file);
2470 ret = create_orc_sections(&file);
2474 ret = elf_write(file.elf);
2482 /* ignore warnings for now until we get all the code cleaned up */
2483 if (ret || warnings)