--- /dev/null
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use FileHandle;
+
+my $dumpchannels = 0;
+my $dumpdata = 0;
+while ($ARGV[0] =~ /^-/) {
+ my $opt = shift @ARGV;
+ if ($opt eq "--") {
+ last; # stop processing options
+ } elsif ($opt eq "-c") {
+ $dumpchannels = 1;
+ } elsif ($opt eq "-d") {
+ $dumpdata = 1;
+ } else {
+ die "unrecognised option '$opt'\n";
+ }
+}
+
+my @channels = (); # ultimate channel ids are indices in this array
+my %chan_by_id = (); # indexed by 'c%d' or 's%d' for client and server ids
+my %globalreq = (); # indexed by 'i' or 'o'
+
+my %packets = (
+#define SSH2_MSG_DISCONNECT 1 /* 0x1 */
+ 'SSH2_MSG_DISCONNECT' => sub {
+ my ($direction, $seq, $data) = @_;
+ my ($reason, $description, $lang) = &parse("uss", $data);
+ printf "%s\n", &str($description);
+ },
+#define SSH2_MSG_IGNORE 2 /* 0x2 */
+ 'SSH2_MSG_IGNORE' => sub {
+ my ($direction, $seq, $data) = @_;
+ my ($str) = &parse("s", $data);
+ printf "(%d bytes)\n", length $str;
+ },
+#define SSH2_MSG_UNIMPLEMENTED 3 /* 0x3 */
+ 'SSH2_MSG_UNIMPLEMENTED' => sub {
+ my ($direction, $seq, $data) = @_;
+ my ($rseq) = &parse("u", $data);
+ printf "i%d\n", $rseq;
+ },
+#define SSH2_MSG_DEBUG 4 /* 0x4 */
+ 'SSH2_MSG_DEBUG' => sub {
+ my ($direction, $seq, $data) = @_;
+ my ($disp, $message, $lang) = &parse("bss", $data);
+ printf "%s\n", &str($message);
+ },
+#define SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST 5 /* 0x5 */
+ 'SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST' => sub {
+ my ($direction, $seq, $data) = @_;
+ my ($service) = &parse("s", $data);
+ printf "%s\n", &str($service);
+ },
+#define SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT 6 /* 0x6 */
+ 'SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT' => sub {
+ my ($direction, $seq, $data) = @_;
+ my ($service) = &parse("s", $data);
+ printf "%s\n", &str($service);
+ },
+#define SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT 20 /* 0x14 */
+ 'SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT' => sub {
+ my ($direction, $seq, $data) = @_;
+ print "\n";
+ },
+#define SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS 21 /* 0x15 */
+ 'SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS' => sub {
+ my ($direction, $seq, $data) = @_;
+ print "\n";
+ },
+#define SSH2_MSG_KEXDH_INIT 30 /* 0x1e */
+ 'SSH2_MSG_KEXDH_INIT' => sub {
+ my ($direction, $seq, $data) = @_;
+ print "\n";
+ },
+#define SSH2_MSG_KEXDH_REPLY 31 /* 0x1f */
+ 'SSH2_MSG_KEXDH_REPLY' => sub {
+ my ($direction, $seq, $data) = @_;
+ print "\n";
+ },
+#define SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST 30 /* 0x1e */
+ 'SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST' => sub {
+ my ($direction, $seq, $data) = @_;
+ print "\n";
+ },
+#define SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP 31 /* 0x1f */
+ 'SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP' => sub {
+ my ($direction, $seq, $data) = @_;
+ print "\n";
+ },
+#define SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT 32 /* 0x20 */
+ 'SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT' => sub {
+ my ($direction, $seq, $data) = @_;
+ print "\n";
+ },
+#define SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY 33 /* 0x21 */
+ 'SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY' => sub {
+ my ($direction, $seq, $data) = @_;
+ print "\n";
+ },
+#define SSH2_MSG_KEXRSA_PUBKEY 30 /* 0x1e */
+ 'SSH2_MSG_KEXRSA_PUBKEY' => sub {
+ my ($direction, $seq, $data) = @_;
+ print "\n";
+ },
+#define SSH2_MSG_KEXRSA_SECRET 31 /* 0x1f */
+ 'SSH2_MSG_KEXRSA_SECRET' => sub {
+ my ($direction, $seq, $data) = @_;
+ print "\n";
+ },
+#define SSH2_MSG_KEXRSA_DONE 32 /* 0x20 */
+ 'SSH2_MSG_KEXRSA_DONE' => sub {
+ my ($direction, $seq, $data) = @_;
+ print "\n";
+ },
+#define SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_REQUEST 50 /* 0x32 */
+ 'SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_REQUEST' => sub {
+ my ($direction, $seq, $data) = @_;
+ my ($user, $service, $method) = &parse("sss", $data);
+ my $out = sprintf "%s %s %s",
+ &str($user), &str($service), &str($method);
+ if ($method eq "publickey") {
+ my ($real) = &parse("b", $data);
+ $out .= " real=$real";
+ } elsif ($method eq "password") {
+ my ($change) = &parse("b", $data);
+ $out .= " change=$change";
+ }
+ print "$out\n";
+ },
+#define SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_FAILURE 51 /* 0x33 */
+ 'SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_FAILURE' => sub {
+ my ($direction, $seq, $data) = @_;
+ my ($options) = &parse("s", $data);
+ printf "%s\n", &str($options);
+ },
+#define SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_SUCCESS 52 /* 0x34 */
+ 'SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_SUCCESS' => sub {
+ my ($direction, $seq, $data) = @_;
+ print "\n";
+ },
+#define SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_BANNER 53 /* 0x35 */
+ 'SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_BANNER' => sub {
+ my ($direction, $seq, $data) = @_;
+ print "\n";
+ },
+#define SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_PK_OK 60 /* 0x3c */
+ 'SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_PK_OK' => sub {
+ my ($direction, $seq, $data) = @_;
+ print "\n";
+ },
+#define SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_PASSWD_CHANGEREQ 60 /* 0x3c */
+ 'SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_PASSWD_CHANGEREQ' => sub {
+ my ($direction, $seq, $data) = @_;
+ print "\n";
+ },
+#define SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_INFO_REQUEST 60 /* 0x3c */
+ 'SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_INFO_REQUEST' => sub {
+ my ($direction, $seq, $data) = @_;
+ print "\n";
+ },
+#define SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_INFO_RESPONSE 61 /* 0x3d */
+ 'SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_INFO_RESPONSE' => sub {
+ my ($direction, $seq, $data) = @_;
+ print "\n";
+ },
+#define SSH2_MSG_GLOBAL_REQUEST 80 /* 0x50 */
+ 'SSH2_MSG_GLOBAL_REQUEST' => sub {
+ my ($direction, $seq, $data) = @_;
+ my ($type, $wantreply) = &parse("sb", $data);
+ printf "%s (%s)", $type, $wantreply eq "yes" ? "reply" : "noreply";
+ my $request = [$seq, $type];
+ push @{$globalreq{$direction}}, $request if $wantreply;
+ if ($type eq "tcpip-forward" or $type eq "cancel-tcpip-forward") {
+ my ($addr, $port) = &parse("su", $data);
+ printf " %s:%s", $addr, $port;
+ push @$request, $port;
+ }
+ print "\n";
+ },
+#define SSH2_MSG_REQUEST_SUCCESS 81 /* 0x51 */
+ 'SSH2_MSG_REQUEST_SUCCESS' => sub {
+ my ($direction, $seq, $data) = @_;
+ my $otherdir = ($direction eq "i" ? "o" : "i");
+ my $request = shift @{$globalreq{$otherdir}};
+ if (defined $request) {
+ printf "to %s", $request->[0];
+ if ($request->[1] eq "tcpip-forward" and $request->[2] == 0) {
+ my ($port) = &parse("u", $data);
+ printf " port=%s", $port;
+ }
+ } else {
+ print "(spurious?)";
+ }
+ print "\n";
+ },
+#define SSH2_MSG_REQUEST_FAILURE 82 /* 0x52 */
+ 'SSH2_MSG_REQUEST_FAILURE' => sub {
+ my ($direction, $seq, $data) = @_;
+ my $otherdir = ($direction eq "i" ? "o" : "i");
+ my $request = shift @{$globalreq{$otherdir}};
+ if (defined $request) {
+ printf "to %s", $request->[0];
+ } else {
+ print "(spurious?)";
+ }
+ print "\n";
+ },
+#define SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN 90 /* 0x5a */
+ 'SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN' => sub {
+ my ($direction, $seq, $data) = @_;
+ my ($type, $sid, $winsize, $packet) = &parse("suuu", $data);
+ # CHANNEL_OPEN tells the other side the _sender's_ id for the
+ # channel, so this choice between "s" and "c" prefixes is
+ # opposite to every other message in the protocol, which all
+ # quote the _recipient's_ id of the channel.
+ $sid = ($direction eq "i" ? "s" : "c") . $sid;
+ my $chan = {'id'=>$sid, 'state'=>'halfopen'};
+ push @channels, $chan;
+ my $index = $#channels;
+ $chan_by_id{$sid} = $index;
+ printf "ch%d (%s) %s", $index, $chan->{'id'}, $type;
+ if ($type eq "x11") {
+ my ($addr, $port) = &parse("su", $data);
+ printf " from %s:%s", $addr, $port;
+ } elsif ($type eq "forwarded-tcpip") {
+ my ($saddr, $sport, $paddr, $pport) = &parse("susu", $data);
+ printf " to %s:%s from %s:%s", $saddr, $sport, $paddr, $pport;
+ } elsif ($type eq "direct-tcpip") {
+ my ($daddr, $dport, $saddr, $sport) = &parse("susu", $data);
+ printf " to %s:%s from %s:%s", $daddr, $dport, $saddr, $sport;
+ }
+ print "\n";
+ },
+#define SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN_CONFIRMATION 91 /* 0x5b */
+ 'SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN_CONFIRMATION' => sub {
+ my ($direction, $seq, $data) = @_;
+ my ($rid, $sid, $winsize, $packet) = &parse("uuuu", $data);
+ $rid = ($direction eq "i" ? "c" : "s") . $rid;
+ my $index = $chan_by_id{$rid};
+ $sid = ($direction eq "i" ? "s" : "c") . $sid;
+ $chan_by_id{$sid} = $index;
+ my $chan = $channels[$index];
+ $chan->{'id'} = ($direction eq "i" ? "$rid/$sid" : "$sid/$rid");
+ $chan->{'state'} = 'open';
+ printf "ch%d (%s)\n", $index, $chan->{'id'};
+ },
+#define SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN_FAILURE 92 /* 0x5c */
+ 'SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN_FAILURE' => sub {
+ my ($direction, $seq, $data) = @_;
+ my ($rid, $reason, $desc, $lang) = &parse("uuss", $data);
+ $rid = ($direction eq "i" ? "c" : "s") . $rid;
+ my $index = $chan_by_id{$rid};
+ my $chan = $channels[$index];
+ $chan->{'state'} = 'rejected';
+ printf "ch%d (%s) %s\n", $index, $chan->{'id'}, &str($reason);
+ },
+#define SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_WINDOW_ADJUST 93 /* 0x5d */
+ 'SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_WINDOW_ADJUST' => sub {
+ my ($direction, $seq, $data) = @_;
+ my ($rid, $bytes) = &parse("uu", $data);
+ $rid = ($direction eq "i" ? "c" : "s") . $rid;
+ my $index = $chan_by_id{$rid};
+ my $chan = $channels[$index];
+ printf "ch%d (%s) +%s\n", $index, $chan->{'id'}, $bytes;
+ },
+#define SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_DATA 94 /* 0x5e */
+ 'SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_DATA' => sub {
+ my ($direction, $seq, $data) = @_;
+ my ($rid, $bytes) = &parse("uu", $data);
+ $rid = ($direction eq "i" ? "c" : "s") . $rid;
+ my $index = $chan_by_id{$rid};
+ my $chan = $channels[$index];
+ printf "ch%d (%s), %s bytes\n", $index, $chan->{'id'}, $bytes;
+ if ($dumpdata) {
+ my $filekey = $direction . "file";
+ if (!defined $chan->{$filekey}) {
+ my $filename = sprintf "ch%d.%s", $index, $direction;
+ $chan->{$filekey} = FileHandle->new(">$filename");
+ if (!defined $chan->{$filekey}) {
+ die "$filename: $!\n";
+ }
+ }
+ my @realdata = splice @$data, 0, $bytes;
+ die "channel data not present in $seq\n" if @realdata < $bytes;
+ my $rawdata = pack "C*", @realdata;
+ my $fh = $chan->{$filekey};
+ print $fh $rawdata;
+ }
+ },
+#define SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_EXTENDED_DATA 95 /* 0x5f */
+ 'SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_EXTENDED_DATA' => sub {
+ my ($direction, $seq, $data) = @_;
+ my ($rid, $bytes) = &parse("uu", $data);
+ $rid = ($direction eq "i" ? "c" : "s") . $rid;
+ my $index = $chan_by_id{$rid};
+ my $chan = $channels[$index];
+ printf "ch%d (%s), %s bytes\n", $index, $chan->{'id'}, $bytes;
+ if ($dumpdata) {
+ # We treat EXTENDED_DATA as equivalent to DATA, for the
+ # moment. It's not clear what else would be a better thing
+ # to do with it, and this at least is the Right Answer if
+ # the data is going to a terminal and the aim is to debug
+ # the terminal emulator.
+ my $filekey = $direction . "file";
+ if (!defined $chan->{$filekey}) {
+ my $filename = sprintf "ch%d.%s", $index, $direction;
+ $chan->{$filekey} = FileHandle->new;
+ if (!$chan->{$filekey}->open(">", $filename)) {
+ die "$filename: $!\n";
+ }
+ }
+ my @realdata = splice @$data, 0, $bytes;
+ die "channel data not present in $seq\n" if @realdata < $bytes;
+ my $rawdata = pack "C*", @realdata;
+ my $fh = $chan->{$filekey};
+ print $fh $rawdata;
+ }
+ },
+#define SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_EOF 96 /* 0x60 */
+ 'SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_EOF' => sub {
+ my ($direction, $seq, $data) = @_;
+ my ($rid) = &parse("uu", $data);
+ $rid = ($direction eq "i" ? "c" : "s") . $rid;
+ my $index = $chan_by_id{$rid};
+ my $chan = $channels[$index];
+ printf "ch%d (%s)\n", $index, $chan->{'id'};
+ },
+#define SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_CLOSE 97 /* 0x61 */
+ 'SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_CLOSE' => sub {
+ my ($direction, $seq, $data) = @_;
+ my ($rid) = &parse("uu", $data);
+ $rid = ($direction eq "i" ? "c" : "s") . $rid;
+ my $index = $chan_by_id{$rid};
+ my $chan = $channels[$index];
+ $chan->{'state'} = ($chan->{'state'} eq "open" ? "halfclosed" :
+ $chan->{'state'} eq "halfclosed" ? "closed" :
+ "confused");
+ if ($chan->{'state'} eq "closed") {
+ $chan->{'ifile'}->close if defined $chan->{'ifile'};
+ $chan->{'ofile'}->close if defined $chan->{'ofile'};
+ }
+ printf "ch%d (%s)\n", $index, $chan->{'id'};
+ },
+#define SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_REQUEST 98 /* 0x62 */
+ 'SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_REQUEST' => sub {
+ my ($direction, $seq, $data) = @_;
+ my ($rid, $type, $wantreply) = &parse("usb", $data);
+ $rid = ($direction eq "i" ? "c" : "s") . $rid;
+ my $index = $chan_by_id{$rid};
+ my $chan = $channels[$index];
+ printf "ch%d (%s) %s (%s)",
+ $index, $chan->{'id'}, $type, $wantreply eq "yes" ? "reply" : "noreply";
+ push @{$chan->{'requests_'.$direction}}, [$seq, $type] if $wantreply;
+ if ($type eq "pty-req") {
+ my ($term, $w, $h, $pw, $ph, $modes) = &parse("suuuus", $data);
+ printf " %s %sx%s", &str($term), $w, $h;
+ } elsif ($type eq "x11-req") {
+ my ($single, $xprot, $xcookie, $xscreen) = &parse("bssu", $data);
+ print " one-off" if $single eq "yes";
+ printf " %s :%s", $xprot, $xscreen;
+ } elsif ($type eq "exec") {
+ my ($command) = &parse("s", $data);
+ printf " %s", &str($command);
+ } elsif ($type eq "subsystem") {
+ my ($subsys) = &parse("s", $data);
+ printf " %s", &str($subsys);
+ } elsif ($type eq "window-change") {
+ my ($w, $h, $pw, $ph) = &parse("uuuu", $data);
+ printf " %sx%s", $w, $h;
+ } elsif ($type eq "xon-xoff") {
+ my ($can) = &parse("b", $data);
+ printf " %s", $can;
+ } elsif ($type eq "signal") {
+ my ($sig) = &parse("s", $data);
+ printf " %s", &str($sig);
+ } elsif ($type eq "exit-status") {
+ my ($status) = &parse("u", $data);
+ printf " %s", $status;
+ } elsif ($type eq "exit-signal") {
+ my ($sig, $core, $error, $lang) = &parse("sbss", $data);
+ printf " %s", &str($sig);
+ print " (core dumped)" if $core eq "yes";
+ }
+ print "\n";
+ },
+#define SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_SUCCESS 99 /* 0x63 */
+ 'SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_SUCCESS' => sub {
+ my ($direction, $seq, $data) = @_;
+ my ($rid) = &parse("uu", $data);
+ $rid = ($direction eq "i" ? "c" : "s") . $rid;
+ my $index = $chan_by_id{$rid};
+ my $chan = $channels[$index];
+ printf "ch%d (%s)", $index, $chan->{'id'};
+ my $otherdir = ($direction eq "i" ? "o" : "i");
+ my $request = shift @{$chan->{'requests_' . $otherdir}};
+ if (defined $request) {
+ printf " to %s", $request->[0];
+ } else {
+ print " (spurious?)";
+ }
+ print "\n";
+ },
+#define SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_FAILURE 100 /* 0x64 */
+ 'SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_FAILURE' => sub {
+ my ($direction, $seq, $data) = @_;
+ my ($rid) = &parse("uu", $data);
+ $rid = ($direction eq "i" ? "c" : "s") . $rid;
+ my $index = $chan_by_id{$rid};
+ my $chan = $channels[$index];
+ printf "ch%d (%s)", $index, $chan->{'id'};
+ my $otherdir = ($direction eq "i" ? "o" : "i");
+ my $request = shift @{$chan->{'requests_' . $otherdir}};
+ if (defined $request) {
+ printf " to %s", $request;
+ } else {
+ print " (spurious?)";
+ }
+ print "\n";
+ },
+#define SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_GSSAPI_RESPONSE 60
+ 'SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_GSSAPI_RESPONSE' => sub {
+ my ($direction, $seq, $data) = @_;
+ print "\n";
+ },
+#define SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_GSSAPI_TOKEN 61
+ 'SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_GSSAPI_TOKEN' => sub {
+ my ($direction, $seq, $data) = @_;
+ print "\n";
+ },
+#define SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_GSSAPI_EXCHANGE_COMPLETE 63
+ 'SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_GSSAPI_EXCHANGE_COMPLETE' => sub {
+ my ($direction, $seq, $data) = @_;
+ print "\n";
+ },
+#define SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_GSSAPI_ERROR 64
+ 'SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_GSSAPI_ERROR' => sub {
+ my ($direction, $seq, $data) = @_;
+ print "\n";
+ },
+#define SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_GSSAPI_ERRTOK 65
+ 'SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_GSSAPI_ERRTOK' => sub {
+ my ($direction, $seq, $data) = @_;
+ print "\n";
+ },
+#define SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_GSSAPI_MIC 66
+ 'SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_GSSAPI_MIC' => sub {
+ my ($direction, $seq, $data) = @_;
+ print "\n";
+ },
+);
+
+my ($direction, $seq, $ourseq, $type, $data, $recording);
+my %ourseqs = ('i'=>0, 'o'=>0);
+
+$recording = 0;
+while (<>) {
+ if ($recording) {
+ if (/^ [0-9a-fA-F]{8} ((?:[0-9a-fA-F]{2} )*[0-9a-fA-F]{2})/) {
+ push @$data, map { $_ eq "XX" ? -1 : hex $_ } split / /, $1;
+ } else {
+ $recording = 0;
+ my $fullseq = "$direction$ourseq";
+ print "$fullseq: $type ";
+ if (defined $packets{$type}) {
+ $packets{$type}->($direction, $fullseq, $data);
+ } else {
+ printf "raw %s\n", join "", map { sprintf "%02x", $_ } @$data;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ if (/^(Incoming|Outgoing) packet #0x([0-9a-fA-F]+), type \d+ \/ 0x[0-9a-fA-F]+ \((.*)\)/) {
+ $direction = ($1 eq "Incoming" ? 'i' : 'o');
+ # $seq is the sequence number quoted in the log file. $ourseq
+ # is our own count of the sequence number, which differs in
+ # that it shouldn't wrap at 2^32, should anyone manage to run
+ # this script over such a huge log file.
+ $seq = hex $2;
+ $ourseq = $ourseqs{$direction}++;
+ $type = $3;
+ $data = [];
+ $recording = 1;
+ }
+}
+
+if ($dumpchannels) {
+ my %stateorder = ('closed'=>0, 'rejected'=>1,
+ 'halfclosed'=>2, 'open'=>3, 'halfopen'=>4);
+ for my $index (0..$#channels) {
+ my $chan = $channels[$index];
+ my $so = $stateorder{$chan->{'state'}} or 1000; # unknown sorts highest
+ $chan->{'index'} = sprintf "ch%d", $index;
+ $chan->{'order'} = sprintf "%08d %08d", $so, $index;
+ }
+ my @sortedchannels = sort { $a->{'order'} cmp $b->{'order'} } @channels;
+ for my $chan (@sortedchannels) {
+ printf "%s (%s): %s\n", $chan->{'index'}, $chan->{'id'}, $chan->{'state'};
+ }
+}
+
+sub parseone {
+ my ($type, $data) = @_;
+ if ($type eq "u") { # uint32
+ my @bytes = splice @$data, 0, 4;
+ return "<missing>" if @bytes < 4 or grep { $_<0 } @bytes;
+ return unpack "N", pack "C*", @bytes;
+ } elsif ($type eq "U") { # uint64
+ my @bytes = splice @$data, 0, 4;
+ return "<missing>" if @bytes < 8 or grep { $_<0 } @bytes;
+ my @words = unpack "NN", pack "C*", @bytes;
+ return ($words[0] << 32) + $words[1];
+ } elsif ($type eq "b") { # boolean
+ my $byte = shift @$data;
+ return "<missing>" if !defined $byte or $byte < 0;
+ return $byte ? "yes" : "no";
+ } elsif ($type eq "B") { # byte
+ my $byte = shift @$data;
+ return "<missing>" if !defined $byte or $byte < 0;
+ return $byte;
+ } elsif ($type eq "s" or $type eq "m") { # string, mpint
+ my @bytes = splice @$data, 0, 4;
+ return "<missing>" if @bytes < 4 or grep { $_<0 } @bytes;
+ my $len = unpack "N", pack "C*", @bytes;
+ @bytes = splice @$data, 0, $len;
+ return "<missing>" if @bytes < $len or grep { $_<0 } @bytes;
+ if ($type eq "mpint") {
+ my $str = "";
+ if ($bytes[0] >= 128) {
+ # Take two's complement.
+ @bytes = map { 0xFF ^ $_ } @bytes;
+ for my $i (reverse 0..$#bytes) {
+ if ($bytes[$i] < 0xFF) {
+ $bytes[$i]++;
+ last;
+ } else {
+ $bytes[$i] = 0;
+ }
+ }
+ $str = "-";
+ }
+ $str .= "0x" . join "", map { sprintf "%02x", $_ } @bytes;
+ return $str;
+ } else {
+ return pack "C*", @bytes;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+sub parse {
+ my ($template, $data) = @_;
+ return map { &parseone($_, $data) } split //, $template;
+}
+
+sub str {
+ # Quote as a string. If I get enthusiastic I might arrange for
+ # strange characters inside the string to be quoted.
+ my $str = shift @_;
+ return "'$str'";
+}