Jonathan Nieder [Thu, 24 Jul 2008 16:55:25 +0000 (11:55 -0500)]
document that git-tag can tag more than heads
After looking the git-tag manpage, someone on #git wondered how
to tag a commit that is not a branch head. This patch changes
the synopsis to say "<commit> | <object>" instead of "<head>" to
address his question.
Samuel Bronson had the idea of putting "<commit> | <object>"
for "<object>" because most tags point to commits (and for the
rest of the manpage, all tags point to commits).
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
The patch is twofold: it moves the option consistency checks just under
the parse_options call so that it doesn't get in the way of the tree
reference vs. pathspecs desambiguation.
The other part rewrites the way to understand arguments so that when
git-checkout fails it does with an understandable message. Compared to the
previous behavior we now have:
- a better error message when doing:
git checkout <blob reference> --
now complains about the reference not pointing to a tree, instead of
things like:
error: pathspec <blob reference> did not match any file(s) known to git.
error: pathspec '--' did not match any file(s) known to git.
- a better error message when doing:
git checkout <path> --
It now complains about <path> not being a reference instead of the
completely obscure:
error: pathspec '--' did not match any file(s) known to git.
- an error when -- wasn't used, and the first argument is ambiguous
(i.e. can be interpreted as both ref and as path).
Signed-off-by: Pierre Habouzit <madcoder@debian.org> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Teach fsck and prune about the new location of temporary objects
Since 5723fe7e, temporary objects are now created in their final destination
directories, rather than in .git/objects/. Teach fsck to recognize and
ignore the temporary objects it encounters, and teach prune to remove them.
Signed-off-by: Brandon Casey <casey@nrlssc.navy.mil> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Junio C Hamano [Thu, 24 Jul 2008 00:22:58 +0000 (17:22 -0700)]
ignore non-existent refs in dwim_log()
f2eba66 (Enable HEAD@{...} and make it independent from the current
branch, 2007-02-03) introduced dwim_log() to handle <refname>@{...}
syntax, and as part of its processing, it checks if the ref exists by
calling refsolve_ref(). It should call it as a reader to make sure the
call returns NULL for a nonexistent ref (not as a potential writer in
which case it does not return NULL).
P. Christeas [Wed, 23 Jul 2008 20:08:27 +0000 (23:08 +0300)]
svnimport: newer libsvn wants us to ask for the root with "", not "/"
In r27729, libsvn introduced an assert which explicitly
forbids searching the tree at "/". Luckily enough, it
still accepts an empty string "" as the starting point.
Petr Baudis [Tue, 22 Jul 2008 22:24:35 +0000 (00:24 +0200)]
Documentation/git-filter-branch: teach "rm" instead of "update-index --remove"
The example to remove paths using index-filter was done with
"git update-index --remove"; "git rm --cached" would be more familiar to
new people and is sufficient for this particular case.
Signed-off-by: Petr Baudis <pasky@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Stephan Beyer [Wed, 23 Jul 2008 00:10:25 +0000 (02:10 +0200)]
am --abort: Add to bash-completion and mention in git-rerere documentation
The git-rerere documentation talks about commands that invoke
"git rerere clear" automatically. git am --abort is added and
a typo is fixed additionally.
Signed-off-by: Stephan Beyer <s-beyer@gmx.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Junio C Hamano [Wed, 23 Jul 2008 22:13:41 +0000 (15:13 -0700)]
builtin-branch.c: optimize --merged and --no-merged
"git branch --no-merged $commit" used to compute the merge base between
the tip of each and every branch with the named $commit, but this was
wasteful when you have many branches. Inside append_ref() we literally
ran has_commit() between the tip of the branch and the merge_filter_ref.
Instead, we can let the revision machinery traverse the history as if we
are running:
$ git rev-list --branches --not $commit
by queueing the tips of branches we encounter as positive refs (this
mimicks the "--branches" option in the above command line) and then
appending the merge_filter_ref commit as a negative one, and finally
calling prepare_revision_walk() to limit the list..
After the traversal is done, branch tips that are reachable from $commit
are painted UNINTERESTING; they are already fully contained in $commit
(i.e. --merged). Tips that are not painted UNINTERESTING still have
commits that are not reachable from $commit, thus "--no-merged" will show
them.
With an artificial repository that has "master" and 1000 test-$i branches
where they were created by "git branch test-$i master~$i":
Stephan Beyer [Wed, 23 Jul 2008 16:46:36 +0000 (18:46 +0200)]
git-am: Add colon before the subject that is printed out as being applied
git-am output can be confusing, because the subject of the applied
patch can look like the rest of a sentence starting with "Applying".
The added colon should make this clearer.
Signed-off-by: Stephan Beyer <s-beyer@gmx.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Johannes Sixt [Wed, 23 Jul 2008 07:46:35 +0000 (09:46 +0200)]
rebase -i: When an 'edit' stops, mention the commit
In a rebase session where more than one commit is to be 'edit'ed, and the
user spends considerable time to 'edit' a commit, it is easy to forget what
one wanted to 'edit' at the individual commits. It would be helpful to see
at which commit the rebase stopped.
Incidentally, if the rebase stopped due to merge conflicts or other errors,
the commit was already reported ("Could not apply $sha1..."), but when
rebase stopped after successfully applying an "edit" commit, it would not
mention it. With this change the commit is reported.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Sixt <johannes.sixt@telecom.at> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
sort_in_topological_order(): avoid setting a commit flag
We used to set the TOPOSORT flag of commits during the topological
sorting, but we can just as well use the member "indegree" for it:
indegree is now incremented by 1 in the cases where the commit used
to have the TOPOSORT flag.
This is the same behavior as before, since indegree could not be
non-zero when TOPOSORT was unset.
Incidentally, this fixes the bug in show-branch where the 8th column
was not shown: show-branch sorts the commits in topological order,
assuming that all the commit flags are available for show-branch's
private matters.
But this was not true: TOPOSORT was identical to the flag corresponding
to the 8th ref. So the flags for the 8th column were unset by the
topological sorting.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
t7502-commit.sh: rearrange test to make more portable
Some shells have problems with one-shot environment variable export
and function calls. The sequence is rearranged to avoid the one-shot
and to allow the test script to be linked together with '&&'.
Signed-off-by: Brandon Casey <casey@nrlssc.navy.mil> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
t7601: extend the 'merge picks up the best result' test
The test only checked if the best result picking code works if there are
multiple strategies set in the config. Add a similar one that tests if
the same true if the -s option of git merge was used multiple times.
Signed-off-by: Miklos Vajna <vmiklos@frugalware.org> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Alex Riesen [Mon, 21 Jul 2008 21:28:49 +0000 (23:28 +0200)]
Allow pager of diff command be enabled/disabled
See for example, status and show commands. Besides,
Documentation/RelNotes-1.6.0.txt mentions that pager.<cmd>
can be used to enable/disable paging behavior per command.
Signed-off-by: Alex Riesen <raa.lkml@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
git am --skip: clean the index while preserving local changes
In 3-way merge, "am" will let the index with unmerged path waiting
for us to resolve conflicts and continue. But if we want to --skip
instead, "am" refuses to continue because of the dirty index.
With this patch, "am" will clean the index without touching files
locally modified, before continuing.
Signed-off-by: Olivier Marin <dkr@freesurf.fr> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Pierre Habouzit [Mon, 21 Jul 2008 18:15:59 +0000 (20:15 +0200)]
git-submodule: move ill placed shift.
When running git submodule update -i, the "-i" is shifted before recursing
into cmd_init and then again outside of the loop. This causes some /bin/sh
to complain about shifting when there are no arguments left (and would
discard anything written after -i too).
Signed-off-by: Pierre Habouzit <madcoder@debian.org> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
builtin-merge: give a proper error message for invalid strategies in config
'git merge -s foobar' diagnosed invalid "foobar" strategy and errored out
with a message, but foobar in pull.twohead or pull.octopus was just
silently ignored. This makes invalid strategy both on the command line
and in the configuration file to trigger the same error.
Signed-off-by: Miklos Vajna <vmiklos@frugalware.org> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Don't cut off last character of commit descriptions.
This should have been part of 24a2293 (git-blame.el: show the when, who
and what in the minibuffer., 2008-02-12), that changed from using
--pretty=oneline to --pretty=format:... without terminating newline.
Acked-by: David Kågedal <davidk@lysator.liu.se> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
parse-options: fix segmentation fault when a required value is missing
p->argc represent the number of arguments that have not been parsed yet,
_including_ the one we are currently parsing. If it is not greater than
one then there is no more argument.
Signed-off-by: Olivier Marin <dkr@freesurf.fr> Acked-by: Pierre Habouzit <madcoder@debian.org> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
When using git-rebase, author fields containing a ')' at the last position
had the close-parens character removed; the removal should be done only
when it is of this form:
user@host (User Name)
i.e. the remainder after stripping the e-mail address part is enclosed in
a parentheses pair as a whole, not for addresses like this:
User Name (me) <user@host>
Signed-off-by: Philippe Bruhat (BooK) <book@cpan.org> Acked-by: Lukas Sandström <lukass@etek.chalmers.se> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
With git-am, it sounds awkward to have the patches in ".git/rebase/",
but for technical reasons, we have to keep the same directory name
for git-am and git-rebase. ".git/rebase-apply" seems to be a good
compromise.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Junio C Hamano [Sun, 20 Jul 2008 07:21:38 +0000 (00:21 -0700)]
"needs update" considered harmful
"git update-index --refresh", "git reset" and "git add --refresh" have
reported paths that have local modifications as "needs update" since the
beginning of git.
Although this is logically correct in that you need to update the index at
that path before you can commit that change, it is now becoming more and
more clear, especially with the continuous push for user friendliness
since 1.5.0 series, that the message is suboptimal. After all, the change
may be something the user might want to get rid of, and "updating" would
be absolutely a wrong thing to do if that is the case.
I prepared two alternatives to solve this. Both aim to reword the message
to more neutral "locally modified".
This patch is a more intrusive variant that changes the message for only
Porcelain commands ("add" and "reset") while keeping the plumbing
"update-index" intact.
Junio C Hamano [Sun, 20 Jul 2008 22:58:13 +0000 (15:58 -0700)]
Link shell with compat layer functions
This in the short term will break on platforms that use compat implemenations
that call outside compat layer, but that is exactly what we want. To give
incentive to fix things for people who are affected and more importantly have
environment to test their fixes.
git-svn: fix git svn info to work without arguments
commit 2fe403e7452bd6e1e8232445cf5434ce8f1af973 broke "git-svn info ."
due to replacing '.' with '' in canonicalize_path for the top directory,
while find_file_type_and_diff_status was not corrected.
Jonathan Nieder [Sun, 20 Jul 2008 19:13:08 +0000 (14:13 -0500)]
fix usage string for git grep
Without this patch, git-grep gives confusing usage information:
$ git grep --confused
usage: git grep <option>* <rev>* [-e] <pattern> [<path>...]
$ git grep HEAD pattern
fatal: ambiguous argument 'pattern': unknown revision or path no
t in the working tree.
Use '--' to separate paths from revisions
So put <pattern> before the <rev>s, in accordance with actual correct
usage. While we're changing the usage string, we might as well include
the "--" separating revisions and paths, too.
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Nieder <jrnieder@uchicago.edu> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Junio C Hamano [Sun, 20 Jul 2008 06:25:00 +0000 (23:25 -0700)]
refresh-index: fix bitmask assignment
5fdeacb (Teach update-index about --ignore-submodules, 2008-05-14) added a
new refresh option flag but did not assign a unique bit for it correctly,
and broke "update-index --ignore-missing".
Junio C Hamano [Sun, 20 Jul 2008 02:51:11 +0000 (19:51 -0700)]
git-add --all: add all files
People sometimes find that "git add -u && git add ." are 13 keystrokes too
many. This reduces it by nine.
The support of this has been very low priority for me personally, because
I almost never do "git add ." in a directory with already tracked files,
and in a new directory, there is no point saying "git add -u".
However, for two types of people (that are very different from me), this
mode of operation may make sense and there is no reason to leave it
unsupported. That is:
(1) If you are extremely well disciplined and keep perfect .gitignore, it
always is safe to say "git add ."; or
(2) If you are extremely undisciplined and do not even know what files
you created, and you do not very much care what goes in your history,
it does not matter if "git add ." included everything.
So there it is, although I suspect I will not use it myself, ever.
It will be too much of a change that is against the expectation of the
existing users to allow "git commit -a" to include untracked files, and
it would be inconsistent if we named this new option "-a", so the short
option is "-A". We _might_ want to later add "git commit -A" but that is
a separate topic.
Junio C Hamano [Sun, 20 Jul 2008 02:22:25 +0000 (19:22 -0700)]
builtin-add.c: restructure the code for maintainability
The implementation of "git add" has four major codepaths that are mutually
exclusive:
- if "--interactive" or "--patch" is given, spawn "git add--interactive"
and exit without doing anything else. Otherwise things are handled
internally in this C code;
- if "--update" is given, update the modified files and exit without
doing anything else;
- if "--refresh" is given, do refresh and exit without doing anything
else;
- otherwise, find the paths that match pathspecs and stage their
contents.
It led to an unholy mess in the code structure; each of the latter three
codepaths has a separate call to read_cache(), even though they are all
about "read the current index, update it and write it back", and logically
they should read the index once _anyway_.
This cleans up the latter three cases by introducing a pair of helper
variables:
- "add_new_files" is set if we need to scan the working tree for paths
that match the pathspec. This variable is false for "--update" and
"--refresh", because they only work on already tracked files.
- "require_pathspec" is set if the user must give at least one pathspec.
"--update" does not need it but all the other cases do.
This is in preparation for introducing a new option "--all", that does the
equivalent of "git add -u && git add ." (aka "addremove").
Junio C Hamano [Sat, 19 Jul 2008 18:28:06 +0000 (11:28 -0700)]
Merge branch 'maint'
* maint:
GIT 1.5.6.4
builtin-rm: fix index lock file path
http-fetch: do not SEGV after fetching a bad pack idx file
rev-list: honor --quiet option
api-run-command.txt: typofix
Currently fast-import/export cannot be used for
repositories with submodules. This patch extends
the relevant programs to make them correctly
process gitlinks.
Links can be represented by two forms of the
Modify command:
M 160000 SHA1 some/path
which sets the link target explicitly, or
M 160000 :mark some/path
where the mark refers to a commit. The latter
form can be used by importing tools to build
all submodules simultaneously in one physical
repository, and then simply fetch them apart.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Gavrilov <angavrilov@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Petr Baudis [Sat, 19 Jul 2008 18:17:22 +0000 (20:17 +0200)]
Documentation/git-merge.txt: Partial rewrite of How Merge Works
The git-merge documentation's "HOW MERGE WORKS" section is confusingly
composed and actually omits the most interesting part, the merging of
the arguments into HEAD itself, surprisingly not actually mentioning
the fast-forward merge anywhere.
This patch replaces the "[NOTE]" screenful of highly technical details
by a single sentence summing up the interesting information, and instead
explains how are the arguments compared with HEAD and the three possible
inclusion states that are named "Already up-to-date", "Fast-forward"
and "True merge". It also makes it clear that the rest of the section
talks only about the true merge situation, and slightly expands the
talk on solving conflicts.
Junio initiated the removal of the Note screenful altogether and
offered many stylistical fixes.
Signed-off-by: Petr Baudis <pasky@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
René Scharfe [Fri, 18 Jul 2008 14:30:32 +0000 (16:30 +0200)]
archive: make zip compression level independent from core git
zlib_compression_level is the compression level used for git's object store.
It's 1 by default, which is the fastest setting. This variable is also used
as the default compression level for ZIP archives created by git archive.
For archives, however, zlib's own default of 6 is more appropriate, as it's
favouring small size over speed -- archive creation is not that performance
critical most of the time.
This patch makes git archive independent from git's internal compression
level setting. It affects invocations of git archive without explicitly
specified compression level option, only.
Signed-off-by: Rene Scharfe <rene.scharfe@lsrfire.ath.cx> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Petr Baudis [Fri, 18 Jul 2008 14:11:07 +0000 (16:11 +0200)]
Documentation: How to ignore local changes in tracked files
This patch explains more carefully that `.gitignore` concerns only
untracked files and refers the reader to
git update-index --assume-unchanged
in the need of ignoring uncommitted changes in already tracked files.
The description of this option is lifted to a more "porcelainish"
level and explains the caveats of this usecase.
Whether feasible or not, I believe adding this functionality to
the porcelain is out of the scope of this patch. (And I personally
think that referring to the plumbing in the case of such a special
usage is fine.)
This is currently probably one of the top FAQs at #git and the
--assume-unchanged switch is not widely known; gitignore(5) is the first
place where people are likely to look for it.
Signed-off-by: Petr Baudis <pasky@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Petr Baudis [Fri, 18 Jul 2008 13:40:41 +0000 (15:40 +0200)]
Documentation/git-submodule.txt: Further clarify the description
This patch rewrites the general description yet again, first clarifying
the high-level concept, mentioning the difference to remotes and using
the subtree merge strategy, then getting to the details about tree
entries and .gitmodules file.
The patch also makes few smallar grammar fixups within the rest of the
description and clarifies how does 'init' relate to 'update --init'.
Cc: Heikki Orsila <shdl@zakalwe.fi> Signed-off-by: Petr Baudis <pasky@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Peter Harris [Fri, 18 Jul 2008 07:34:44 +0000 (09:34 +0200)]
Add ANSI control code emulation for the Windows console
This adds only the minimum necessary to keep git pull/merge's diffstat from
wrapping. Notably absent is support for the K (erase) operation, and support
for POSIX write.
Signed-off-by: Peter Harris <git@peter.is-a-geek.org> Signed-off-by: Johannes Sixt <johannes.sixt@telecom.at> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Johannes Sixt [Sat, 19 Jul 2008 09:32:45 +0000 (11:32 +0200)]
builtin-clone: rewrite guess_dir_name()
The function has to do three small and independent tasks, but all of them
were crammed into a single loop. This rewrites the function entirely by
unrolling these tasks.
We also now use is_dir_sep(c) instead of c == '/' to increase portability.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Sixt <johannes.sixt@telecom.at> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Eric Raible [Fri, 18 Jul 2008 07:34:42 +0000 (09:34 +0200)]
Teach lookup_prog not to select directories
Without this simple fix "git gui" in the git source directory
finds the git-gui directory instead of the tcl script in /usr/bin.
Signed-off-by: Eric Raible <raible@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Johannes Sixt <johannes.sixt@telecom.at> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Signed-off-by: Fabian Emmes <fabian.emmes@rwth-aachen.de> Signed-off-by: Lars Noschinski <lars@public.noschinski.de> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
The CVS_SERVER environment variable can cause some of the cvsimport tests
to fail. So unset this variable at the beginning of the test script.
Signed-off-by: Fabian Emmes <fabian.emmes@rwth-aachen.de> Signed-off-by: Lars Noschinski <lars@public.noschinski.de> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Stephan Beyer [Fri, 18 Jul 2008 01:04:30 +0000 (03:04 +0200)]
Link git-shell only to a subset of libgit.a
Commit 5b8e6f85 introduced stubs for three functions that make no sense
for git-shell. But those stubs defined libgit.a functions a second time
so that a linker can complain.
Now git-shell is only linked to a subset of libgit.a.
Signed-off-by: Stephan Beyer <s-beyer@gmx.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Junio C Hamano [Fri, 18 Jul 2008 06:18:43 +0000 (23:18 -0700)]
t9001 (send-email): Do not use hardcoded /bin/sh in test
Scriptlets used form inside this test began with hardcoded "#!/bin/sh".
By setting SHELL_PATH the user is already telling us that what the vendor
has in /bin/sh isn't POSIX enough, and we really should try to honor that
request.
Originally noticed by SungHyun Nam who later tested this patch and
verified that it fixes the issue on Solaris 9.
When hold_locked_index() is called with a relative git_dir and you are
outside the work tree, the lock file become relative to the current
directory. So when later setup_work_tree() change the current directory
it breaks lock file path and commit_locked_index() fails.
This patch move index locking code after setup_work_tree() call to make
lock file relative to the working tree as it should be and add a test
case.
Noticed by Nick Andrew.
Signed-off-by: Olivier Marin <dkr@freesurf.fr> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Junio C Hamano [Fri, 18 Jul 2008 22:39:51 +0000 (15:39 -0700)]
Merge branch 'sp/maint-index-pack' into maint
* sp/maint-index-pack:
index-pack: Honor core.deltaBaseCacheLimit when resolving deltas
index-pack: Track the object_entry that creates each base_data
index-pack: Chain the struct base_data on the stack for traversal
index-pack: Refactor base arguments of resolve_delta into a struct
Junio C Hamano [Fri, 18 Jul 2008 05:39:09 +0000 (22:39 -0700)]
rev-list: honor --quiet option
Nick Andrew noticed that rev-list lets --quiet option to be parsed by
underlying diff_options parser but did not pick up the result. This
resulted in --quiet option to become effectively a no-op.
The original code relied on an insane definition of skip_prefix() that
returned an empty string for a NULL input and returned the original if the
given "prefix" is not a prefix at all (it would have been justifiable if
it were called "come_up_with_a_short_name_to_report_ref()" or something,
though). In any case, when we replaced it with a more saner definition of
the function whose behaviour is true to its name, its callers needed to be
adjusted but the conversion missed one call site.
This introduces a helper function "abbrev_ref()" whose purpose is to get a
full refname and its possible prefix and to strip the prefix part if it
matches, or refname itself in full if it doesn't. This makes the callers
easier to read again.
Junio C Hamano [Thu, 17 Jul 2008 03:25:18 +0000 (20:25 -0700)]
rerere.autoupdate: change the message when autoupdate is in effect
This changes the message rerere issues after reusing previous conflict
resolution from "Resolved" to "Staged" when autoupdate option is in
effect.
It is envisioned that in practice, some auto resolitions are trickier and
iffier than others, and we would want to add a feature to mark individual
resolutions as "this is ok to autoupdate" or "do not autoupdate the result
using this resolution even when rerere.autoupdate is in effect" in the
future. When that happens, these messages will make the distinction
clearer.
Junio C Hamano [Thu, 17 Jul 2008 05:42:04 +0000 (22:42 -0700)]
mailinfo: off-by-one fix for [PATCH (foobar)] removal from Subject: line
A patch title "[PATCH] 1" was sanitized by the original code by stripping
the "[PATCH]" from the front, but after the conversion to use strbuf this
behaviour was broken due to a counting error.